Grossman L S, Wasyliw O E
Department of Psychiatry, Rush University.
J Pers Assess. 1988 Fall;52(3):549-63. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5203_18.
This research investigates the validity of the stereotype of insanity defendants as malingerers by analyzing the proportions of insanity defendants who exaggerate psychopathology at the pre- and postacquittal stages of the legal process and by assessing the severity of psychopathology among preacquittal defendants. We administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to 49 insanity defendants evaluated for fitness to stand trial and/or sanity at the time of the alleged crime and to 52 subjects previously found not guilty by reason of insanity. Results indicated: (a) Contrary to the stereotype, a minority (14% to 41%) of insanity defendants clearly malingered, whereas 22% to 39% showed evidence of minimizing psychopathology. (b) Eighty-one percent of these subjects had MMPI profiles suggestive of psychosis, but relatively few showed evidence of primarily antisocial behavior. Thus, the malingering stereotype may be application to only a minority of insanity defendants and is specifically inapplicable to a substantial proportion who minimized psychopathology or showed evidence of psychosis consistent with the claim of insanity.
本研究通过分析在法律程序的审前和宣判后阶段夸大精神病理学症状的精神错乱被告人的比例，并评估审前被告人的精神病理学严重程度，来调查将精神错乱被告人刻板地视为装病者这一观点的有效性。我们对49名因被指控犯罪时是否适合受审和/或精神状态是否正常而接受评估的精神错乱被告人，以及52名先前因精神错乱而被判无罪的受试者进行了明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）测试。结果表明：（a）与这种刻板印象相反，少数（14%至41%）精神错乱被告人明显在装病，而22%至39%的被告人有淡化精神病理学症状的迹象。（b）这些受试者中有81%的MMPI剖面图显示有精神病迹象，但相对较少有人表现出主要的反社会行为迹象。因此，装病的刻板印象可能只适用于少数精神错乱被告人，尤其不适用于相当一部分淡化精神病理学症状或表现出与精神错乱主张相符的精神病迹象的被告人。
