Wright J C, Dawson V L
Hunter Laboratory of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Nov;55(5):780-94. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.780.
In this article, we develop a bounded rationality view of the relation between person perception and social behavior. Two theses of this approach are that behaviors vary in their significance to observers, and that observers pursue bounded rather than global utility in forming personality impressions. Observers are expected to be sensitive to targets' overall behavioral tendencies and to the variability of their behavior across situations, but both sensitivities are bounded, being greater for behaviors that directly affect observers' outcomes. In two investigations involving extensive hourly and 6-s observations, we examined the bounded utility of people's impressions of personality, demonstrating how impression accuracy is linked to the significance of behaviors. Observers were sensitive to the organization of aggressive behaviors, but less sensitive to the organization of withdrawn behaviors, even when the consistency of those behaviors was comparable. The results clarify the relation between people's inferential shortcomings in laboratory paradigms and the bounded utility of person perception in the natural environment.
在本文中，我们提出了一种关于人物感知与社会行为关系的有限理性观点。该方法的两个论点是，行为对观察者的重要性各不相同，并且观察者在形成个性印象时追求的是有限而非全局效用。预计观察者会对目标的整体行为倾向以及其行为在不同情境下的变异性敏感，但这两种敏感性都是有限的，对于直接影响观察者结果的行为，敏感性更高。在两项涉及大量每小时和6秒观察的调查中，我们研究了人们个性印象的有限效用，展示了印象准确性与行为重要性之间的联系。观察者对攻击性行为的组织敏感，但对退缩行为的组织不太敏感，即使这些行为的一致性相当。结果阐明了人们在实验室范式中的推理缺陷与自然环境中人物感知的有限效用之间的关系。
