Carlson Erika N, Furr R Michael
Washington University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2009 Aug;20(8):1033-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02409.x. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
This article reexamines the prevailing conclusion that people are unaware of the different impressions they make, or that their differential meta-accuracy is poor. This conclusion emerged from research employing contextually undifferentiated designs that may have constrained differences in actual impressions, thereby limiting participants' ability to demonstrate differential meta-accuracy. We argue that an alternative, contextually differentiated approach may reveal evidence for differential meta-accuracy because (a) people tend to behave differently in different social contexts, (b) interaction partners from different social contexts witness differing behaviors and form differing impressions of a target person, and (c) contextual information used to infer the impression one makes on others is relatively differentiated across contexts, resulting in differentiated metaperceptions. We assessed differential meta-accuracy across social contexts (i.e., parents, hometown friends, and college friends) and found that, in contrast to researchers' prevailing conclusion, people can indeed detect the relative impressions they make on others.
本文重新审视了一个普遍的结论，即人们没有意识到自己给他人留下的不同印象，或者他们的元准确性差异很差。这个结论源于采用情境无差异设计的研究，这种设计可能限制了实际印象的差异，从而限制了参与者展示元准确性差异的能力。我们认为，一种情境有差异的替代方法可能会揭示元准确性差异的证据，因为：（a）人们在不同的社会情境中往往表现不同；（b）来自不同社会情境的互动伙伴见证了不同的行为，并对目标人物形成了不同的印象；（c）用于推断自己给他人留下的印象的情境信息在不同情境中相对有差异，从而导致元认知的差异。我们评估了不同社会情境（即父母、家乡朋友和大学朋友）下的元准确性差异，发现与研究人员的普遍结论相反，人们确实能够察觉到自己给他人留下的相对印象。
