体育锻炼能否解释运动参与在 COVID-19 期间带来的心理社会获益？

Does Increased Physical Activity Explain the Psychosocial Benefits of Sport Participation During COVID-19?

机构信息

Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.

Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

出版信息

J Athl Train. 2023 Oct 1;58(10):882-886. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0479.22.

DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-0479.22

PMID:36701695

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11215718/

Abstract

CONTEXT

Although the return to sports during COVID-19 has been associated with improvements in mental health and quality of life (QOL), whether these benefits are primarily due to increases in physical activity (PA) is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether PA increases were responsible for the improvements in mental health and QOL among adolescents who returned to sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Wisconsin secondary schools.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS

A total of 559 adolescent athletes (age = 15.7 + 1.2 years, females = 43.6%) from 44 schools completed a survey in October 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Demographic information, whether they had returned to sport participation, school instruction type, anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0), and PA (Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale). Mediation analysis was used to assess whether the relationships between sport status and anxiety, depression, and QOL were mediated by PA.

RESULTS

At the time of the study, 171 (31%) had returned to play and 388 (69%) had not. Athletes who had returned to play had less anxiety (3.6 ± 0.4 versus 8.2 ± 0.6, P < .001) and depression (4.2 ± 0.4 versus 7.3 ± 0.6, P < .001) and higher QOL (88.1 ± 1.0 versus 80.2 ± 1.4, P < .001) and more PA (24.0 ± 0.5 versus 16.3 ± 0.7, P < .001). Physical activity explained a significant, but small, proportion of the difference in depression (22.1%, P = .02) and QOL (16.0%, P = .048) but not anxiety (6.6%, P = .20) between athletes who had and those who had not returned to play.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased PA was responsible for only a small portion of the improvements in depression and QOL among athletes who returned to sports. This suggests that most of the mental health benefits of sport participation for adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic were independent of the benefits of increased PA.

摘要

背景

尽管在 COVID-19 期间恢复运动与心理健康和生活质量（QOL）的改善有关，但这些益处是否主要归因于体力活动（PA）的增加尚不清楚。

目的

确定在 COVID-19 大流行期间重返运动的青少年中，PA 增加是否是导致心理健康和 QOL 改善的原因。

设计

横断面研究。

地点

威斯康星州中学。

患者或其他参与者

共有来自 44 所学校的 559 名青少年运动员（年龄=15.7+1.2 岁，女性=43.6%）于 2020 年 10 月完成了一项调查。

主要观察指标

人口统计学信息，他们是否已恢复运动参与，学校教学类型，焦虑（广泛性焦虑症 7 项），抑郁（患者健康问卷 9 项），QOL（儿科生活质量量表 4.0）和 PA（特殊外科医院儿科功能活动简要量表）。中介分析用于评估运动状态与焦虑，抑郁和 QOL 之间的关系是否由 PA 介导。

结果

在研究时，有 171 名（31%）已恢复运动，有 388 名（69%）未恢复运动。已恢复运动的运动员焦虑程度较低（3.6±0.4 与 8.2±0.6，P<0.001）和抑郁程度较低（4.2±0.4 与 7.3±0.6，P<0.001），QOL 较高（88.1±1.0 与 80.2±1.4，P<0.001），PA 更多（24.0±0.5 与 16.3±0.7，P<0.001）。PA 解释了已恢复运动和未恢复运动的运动员之间抑郁（22.1%，P=0.02）和 QOL（16.0%，P=0.048）差异的显著但较小的比例，但对焦虑（6.6%，P=0.20）没有影响。