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用于聚合物膜表征的显微镜和光谱技术

Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques for Characterization of Polymeric Membranes.

作者信息

Alqaheem Yousef, Alomair Abdulaziz A

机构信息

Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait.

出版信息

Membranes (Basel). 2020 Feb 24;10(2):33. doi: 10.3390/membranes10020033.

DOI:10.3390/membranes10020033
PMID:32102383
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7074137/
Abstract

Polymeric membrane is a proven technology for water purification and wastewater treatment. The membrane is also commercialized for gas separation, mainly for carbon dioxide removal and hydrogen recovery. Characterization techniques are excellent tools for exploring the membrane structure and the chemical properties. This information can be then optimized to improve the membrane for better performance. In this paper, characterization techniques for studying the physical structure such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are discussed. Techniques for investigating the crystal structure such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) are also considered. Other tools for determining the functional groups such Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are reviewed. Methods for determining the elemental composition such as energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescent (XRF), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are explored. The paper also gives general guidelines for sample preparation and data interpretation for each characterization technique.

摘要

聚合物膜是一种经证实的用于水净化和废水处理的技术。该膜也已商业化用于气体分离，主要用于二氧化碳去除和氢气回收。表征技术是探索膜结构和化学性质的优秀工具。然后可以优化这些信息以改进膜，使其具有更好的性能。本文讨论了用于研究物理结构的表征技术，如扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）。还考虑了用于研究晶体结构的技术，如X射线衍射（XRD）、小角X射线散射（SAXS）和广角X射线散射（WAXS）。回顾了用于确定官能团的其他工具，如傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱和核磁共振（NMR）。探索了用于确定元素组成的方法，如能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）、X射线荧光（XRF）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）。本文还给出了每种表征技术的样品制备和数据解释的一般指导原则。

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