Fakhar Ali, Galgo Snowie Jane C, Canatoy Ronley C, Rafique Mazhar, Sarfraz Rubab, Farooque Aitazaz Ahsan, Khan Muhammad Israr
Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Institute of Agriculture & Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea.
Biochar. 2025;7(1):8. doi: 10.1007/s42773-024-00397-0. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks. It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar (MB). The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade. However, the potential benefits of MB are considerable, and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors. For instance, unknown physicochemical characteristics, outdated analytical techniques, and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application. This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques. These include surface area, porosity, alkalinity, pH, elemental composition, and functional groups. Furthermore, it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications. In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment, this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy, along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology. Overall, this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.
生物炭是通过各种原料热解产生的富含碳的材料。它可以进一步改性以增强其性能，被称为改性生物炭（MB）。在过去十年中，对MB在土壤中应用的研究兴趣激增。然而，MB的潜在益处相当大，其效率可能受到各种影响因素的制约。例如，未知的物理化学特性、过时的分析技术，以及对施用后可能影响其有效性的土壤因素了解有限。本文回顾了近期与MB及其演变的物理化学特性相关的文献，以提供除合成技术之外的全面理解。这些特性包括表面积、孔隙率、碱度、pH值、元素组成和官能团。此外，还探讨了用于表征这些特性并评估其在土壤应用中有效性的创新分析方法。除了探讨利用MB作为土壤改良剂的潜在益处和局限性外，本文还深入研究了影响其功效的土壤因素，以及MB技术的最新研究成果和进展。总体而言，本研究将促进对当前知识的综合，并找出我们对MB理解中的差距。
