Prediction of Alzheimer's disease using blood gene expression data.

Identification of AD (Alzheimer's disease)-related genes obtained from blood samples is crucial for early AD diagnosis. We used three public datasets, ADNI, AddNeuroMed1 (ANM1), and ANM2, for this study. Five feature selection methods and five classifiers were used to curate AD-related genes and discriminate AD patients, respectively. In the internal validation (five-fold cross-validation within each dataset), the best average values of the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.657, 0.874, and 0.804 for ADNI, ANMI, and ANM2, respectively. In the external validation (training and test sets from different datasets), the best AUCs were 0.697 (training: ADNI to testing: ANM1), 0.764 (ADNI to ANM2), 0.619 (ANM1 to ADNI), 0.79 (ANM1 to ANM2), 0.655 (ANM2 to ADNI), and 0.859 (ANM2 to ANM1), respectively. These results suggest that although the classification performance of ADNI is relatively lower than that of ANM1 and ANM2, classifiers trained using blood gene expression can be used to classify AD for other data sets. In addition, pathway analysis showed that AD-related genes were enriched with inflammation, mitochondria, and Wnt signaling pathways. Our study suggests that blood gene expression data are useful in predicting the AD classification.