Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Parana, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil.
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Jun 6;113(3):1411-1418. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa023.
The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busk, 1916), is one of the most important pests in apple orchards in southern Brazil. Chemical control is still the most commonly used strategy for pest control. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance evolution of seven South Brazilian populations to four insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, chlorpyrifos, and fenitrothion). Bioassays were paired with metabolic analyses of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterases (α-NA and β-NA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to understand the possible role with phytosanitary strategies in the insects' susceptibility. Insect populations were collected in the municipalities of Campo do Tenente, Lapa and Porto Amazonas, Fraiburgo, São Joaquim, and Vacaria and multiplied in the laboratory. Two susceptible and two resistant populations were used as references. The bioassays showed that five populations were considered more resistant to organophosphates, six to lufenuron and two to chlorantraniliprole when compared with the sensitive population. None of the field populations had greater resistance than the resistant laboratory population. The enzymatic activity of AChE and GST was elevated in most of the populations that were less susceptible to organophosphates and lufenuron. The populations originating from orchards that used sexual confusion techniques had the greatest susceptibility based on toxicological and biochemical bioassays. Populations under pressure from various compounds had high GST, α and β-NA activity. There is evidence that a diversity of control strategies can provide better resistance management.
东方果实蝇，Grapholita molesta (Busk, 1916)，是巴西南部苹果园中最重要的害虫之一。化学防治仍然是防治害虫最常用的策略。本研究旨在确定南巴西的七个种群对四种杀虫剂（氯虫苯甲酰胺、灭幼脲、毒死蜱和三唑磷）的抗药性演变。生物测定与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、羧酸酯酶（α-NA 和 β-NA）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的代谢分析相结合，以了解昆虫对植物检疫策略的敏感性的可能作用。昆虫种群在坎波·多·特内滕特、拉帕和波多阿马逊斯、弗拉伊鲁博、圣若昂和瓦卡里亚的城镇以及弗拉伊鲁博的城镇收集，并在实验室中繁殖。使用两个敏感种群和两个抗性种群作为参考。生物测定表明，与敏感种群相比，五个种群被认为对有机磷更具抗性，六个种群对灭幼脲更具抗性，两个种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺更具抗性。田间种群中没有一个比抗性实验室种群更具抗性。大多数对有机磷和灭幼脲敏感性较低的种群的 AChE 和 GST 酶活性升高。根据毒理学和生化生物测定，源自使用性信息素混淆技术的果园的种群具有最大的易感性。受到各种化合物压力的种群具有较高的 GST、α 和 β-NA 活性。有证据表明，多种控制策略可以提供更好的抗性管理。
