College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
Mol Biotechnol. 2020 Apr;62(4):219-227. doi: 10.1007/s12033-020-00246-y.
The ribosome is an essential organelle in charge of the translational processes in all kinds of cells. Currently, the scenario of its function has been significantly expanded from the classic machine for protein synthesis to a regulatory platform for quality control to maintain the protein homeostasis in a living cell. The ribosome is much more than a mechanical device with a static structure: it is inherently dynamic in structure and function, especially in response to the environmental fluctuations. Considerable effort has been made to regulate its structure and physiological function by engineering the components of a ribosome. The findings of the pioneering studies significantly deepened our understanding of a ribosome and exemplified how a ribosome could be engineered for biotechnology purposes in the era of synthetic biology. The engineering of ribosome offered highly accessible methods capable of comprehensively optimizing the performance of strains of industrial importance. In this article, the relevant recent advances were systematically reviewed.
核糖体是一种在各种细胞中负责翻译过程的细胞器。目前，其功能的场景已经从经典的蛋白质合成机器显著扩展到质量控制的调节平台，以维持活细胞中的蛋白质内稳性。核糖体不仅仅是一个具有静态结构的机械装置：它在结构和功能上具有内在的动态性，特别是对环境波动的响应。通过对核糖体成分进行工程设计，已经做出了相当大的努力来调节其结构和生理功能。开创性研究的发现极大地加深了我们对核糖体的理解，并例证了在合成生物学时代，核糖体如何可以被工程设计用于生物技术目的。核糖体的工程设计提供了高度可及的方法，能够全面优化具有工业重要性的菌株的性能。在本文中，系统地综述了相关的最新进展。
