Giwa Al, Ogedegbe Chinwe, Murphy Charles
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ; Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
Emerg Med Pract. 2020 Feb 27;22(2 Suppl 1):1-21.
Emergency clinicians must be aware of the current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for influenza and the available resources to guide management. This comprehensive review outlines the classification of influenza viruses, influenza pathophysiology, the identification of high-risk patients, and the importance of vaccination, with an update on the 2019-2020 influenza season. Seasonal variations of influenza are discussed, as well as the rationale for limiting testing during periods of high prevalence. Differences between strains of influenza are discussed, as well as the challenges in achieving optimal vaccine effectiveness. Recommendations for use of the currently available oral, intranasal, and intravenous antiviral treatments are provided, as well as utilizing shared decision-making with patients regarding risks and benefits of treatment.
急诊临床医生必须了解当前关于流感的诊断和治疗建议以及可用于指导管理的资源。这篇全面综述概述了流感病毒的分类、流感病理生理学、高危患者的识别以及疫苗接种的重要性，并对2019 - 2020年流感季节进行了更新。文中讨论了流感的季节性变化，以及在高流行期限制检测的理由。还讨论了流感毒株之间的差异以及实现最佳疫苗效果面临的挑战。提供了关于使用当前可用的口服、鼻内和静脉抗病毒治疗的建议，以及在治疗风险和益处方面与患者进行共同决策的方法。
