Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ann Intern Med. 2021 Nov;174(11):ITC161-ITC176. doi: 10.7326/AITC202111160. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity pose challenges to public health. Annual vaccination is the primary way to prevent influenza, and a wide range of vaccines are available, including inactivated or live attenuated standard-dose, recombinant vaccines, as well as adjuvanted or high-dose vaccines for persons aged 65 years or older. Persons at increased risk for influenza complications include young children, persons with underlying medical conditions, and older adults. Prompt diagnosis of influenza can facilitate early initiation of antiviral treatment that provides the greatest clinical benefit. This article summarizes recommendations for providers on influenza vaccination, diagnostic testing, and antiviral treatment.
季节性流感的严重程度各不相同，给公共卫生带来了挑战。每年接种疫苗是预防流感的主要方法，有多种疫苗可供选择，包括灭活或减毒标准剂量、重组疫苗，以及为 65 岁及以上人群提供的佐剂或高剂量疫苗。患流感并发症风险增加的人群包括幼儿、有基础疾病的人群和老年人。及时诊断流感可以促进早期开始抗病毒治疗，从而获得最大的临床益处。本文总结了提供者在流感疫苗接种、诊断检测和抗病毒治疗方面的建议。
