Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Shanghai Emerald Biotech Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2020 May;59:101036. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101036. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Aging is a major cause of many degenerative diseases. The most intuitive consequence of aging is mainly manifested on the skin, resulting in cumulative changes in skin structure, function and appearance, such as increased wrinkles, laxity, elastosis, telangiectasia, and aberrant pigmentation of the skin. Unlike other organs of the human body, skin is not only inevitably affected by the intrinsic aging process, but also affected by various extrinsic environmental factors to accelerate aging, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin aging is a highly complex and not fully understood process, and the lack of universal biomarkers for the definitive detection and evaluation of aging is also a major research challenge. Oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to lipid, protein, nucleic acid and organelle damage, thus leading to the occurrence of cellular senescence, which is one of the core mechanisms mediating skin aging. Autophagy can maintain cellular homeostasis when faced with different stress conditions and is one of the survival mechanisms of cell resistance to intrinsic and extrinsic stress. Autophagy and aging have many features in common and may be associated with skin aging mediated by different factors. Here, we summarize the changes and biomarkers of skin aging, and discuss the effects of oxidative stress and autophagy on skin aging.
衰老是许多退行性疾病的主要原因。衰老最直观的后果主要表现在皮肤上，导致皮肤结构、功能和外观的累积性变化，如皱纹增多、松弛、弹性组织变性、毛细血管扩张和皮肤色素异常。与人体的其他器官不同，皮肤不仅不可避免地受到内在老化过程的影响，而且还受到各种外在环境因素的影响，加速了老化，特别是紫外线（UV）辐射。皮肤衰老过程非常复杂，尚未完全被理解，缺乏普遍的生物标志物来明确检测和评估衰老也是一个主要的研究挑战。活性氧（ROS）积累引起的氧化应激会导致脂质、蛋白质、核酸和细胞器损伤，从而导致细胞衰老的发生，这是介导皮肤衰老的核心机制之一。自噬可以在面临不同的应激条件时维持细胞的内稳态，是细胞抵抗内在和外在应激的生存机制之一。自噬和衰老有许多共同的特征，可能与不同因素介导的皮肤衰老有关。在这里，我们总结了皮肤衰老的变化和生物标志物，并讨论了氧化应激和自噬对皮肤衰老的影响。
