Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2020 Apr 2;23(3):107-136. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1731896. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Ambient air pollution is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. One possible pathway of particulate matter (PM)-induced toxicity is through iron (Fe), the most abundant metal in the atmosphere. The aim of the review was to consider the complexity of Fe-mediated toxicity following inhalation exposure focusing on the chemical and surface reactivity of Fe as a transition metal and possible pathways of toxicity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as considerations of size, morphology, and source of PM. A broad term search of 4 databases identified 2189 journal articles and reports examining exposure to Fe via inhalation in the past 10 years. These were sequentially analyzed by title, abstract and full-text to identify 87 articles publishing results on the toxicity of Fe-containing PM by inhalation or instillation to the respiratory system. The remaining 87 papers were examined to summarize research dealing with and epidemiological studies involving PM containing Fe or iron oxide following inhalation or instillation. The major findings from these investigations are summarized and tabulated. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Fe oxide is correlated with an increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and several respiratory diseases. Iron PM was found to induce inflammatory effects and and to translocate to remote locations including the brain following inhalation. A potential pathway for the PM-containing Fe-mediated toxicity by inhalation is via the generation of ROS which leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidation. Our recommendations include an expansion of epidemiological, and studies, integrating research improvements outlined in this review, such as the method of particle preparation, cell line type, and animal model, to enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions of these particles.
大气污染是全球疾病负担的主要风险因素之一。颗粒物 (PM) 诱导毒性的一个可能途径是通过铁 (Fe)，这是大气中最丰富的金属。本综述的目的是考虑吸入暴露后 Fe 介导的毒性的复杂性，重点关注 Fe 作为过渡金属的化学和表面反应性，以及通过活性氧物种 (ROS) 生成以及考虑 PM 的大小、形态和来源的毒性可能途径。对 4 个数据库进行了广泛的术语搜索，共确定了 2189 篇过去 10 年研究通过吸入暴露于 Fe 的期刊文章和报告。通过标题、摘要和全文对这些文章进行了顺序分析，以确定 87 篇发表关于通过吸入或滴注呼吸道摄入含铁 PM 的毒性的文章。其余 87 篇论文被审查，以总结涉及吸入或滴注摄入含 Fe 或氧化铁的 PM 后的研究和流行病学研究。这些研究的主要发现被总结并制成表格。流行病学研究表明，暴露于 Fe 氧化物与癌症、心血管疾病和几种呼吸道疾病的发病率增加有关。铁 PM 被发现会引起炎症效应和氧化应激，并在吸入后转移到包括大脑在内的远程位置。PM 中含 Fe 介导的毒性的潜在途径是通过 ROS 的生成，这导致脂质过氧化以及 DNA 和蛋白质氧化。我们的建议包括扩大流行病学、毒理学和细胞生物学研究，整合本综述中概述的研究改进，例如颗粒制备方法、细胞系类型和动物模型，以增强我们对这些颗粒复杂的生物学相互作用的理解。
