台湾地区医学生污名态度调查问卷的编制与验证。
Questionnaires on stigmatizing attitudes among healthcare students in Taiwan: development and validation.
机构信息
Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2020 Feb 27;20(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-1976-1.
BACKGROUND
People may be stigmatized if they have mental illness, emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), or physical or intellectual disabilities. Being stigmatized adversely affects one's psychological well-being and quality of life. While occupational therapists frequently work with people with EBD and disabilities, all healthcare practitioners may encounter these populations, and stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards such clients can negatively affect the therapeutic relationship, evaluation, and treatment. Therefore, understanding attitudes of healthcare students-as future practitioners in all fields of healthcare-towards people in this regard is fundamental to the future implementation of anti-stigma programs. We aimed to develop and test questionnaires for examining stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students towards people with mental illness or disabilities and children with EBD.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted to identify surveys related to attitudes towards people with mental illness, EBD, and disabilities. Items that were pertinent to the concept of stigma were selected and modified to fit into the Taiwanese context. A total of 336 students from departments of occupational therapy, physical therapy, nursing, and medicine in 7 universities across Taiwan completed the questionnaires. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Gender differences were also considered.
RESULTS
Factor analyses of the three questionnaires yielded factor structures that explained 61.34 to 67.15% of the variance, with Cronbach's α values ranging from 0.71 to 0.89. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Illness consisted of 16 items with 4 subscales: deviant behavior, social isolation, negative stereotype, and self-stigma. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Children with EBD consisted of 14 items with 3 subscales: rejective attitude, negative stereotype, and deviant behavior. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Disabilities consisted of 10 items with 3 subscales: positive stereotype, negative stereotype, and pessimistic expectation. In addition, men had slightly higher stigmatizing attitudes than women.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed satisfactory factor structures and internal consistency, and thus support the use of these questionnaires to understand attitudes of healthcare students towards these populations. In addition, particular attention should be paid to gender differences in stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students.
背景
患有精神疾病、情绪和行为障碍（EBD）或身体或智力残疾的人可能会受到歧视。被歧视会对一个人的心理健康和生活质量产生不利影响。虽然职业治疗师经常与患有 EBD 和残疾的人一起工作，但所有医疗保健从业者都可能会遇到这些人群，而医疗保健专业人员对这些客户的歧视态度会对治疗关系、评估和治疗产生负面影响。因此，了解医疗保健学生——作为未来所有医疗保健领域的从业者——对这些人的态度，对于未来实施反污名化计划至关重要。我们旨在开发和测试问卷，以检查医学生对精神疾病或残疾患者和有 EBD 的儿童的歧视态度。
方法
我们进行了文献回顾，以确定与对精神疾病、EBD 和残疾患者的态度相关的调查。选择与污名概念相关的项目，并进行修改以适应台湾的情况。台湾 7 所大学的职业治疗、物理治疗、护理和医学系共 336 名学生完成了问卷。我们使用项目分析和因素分析来检验问卷的信度和效度。同时考虑了性别差异。
结果
对三个问卷的因素分析得出了因子结构，这些因子结构解释了 61.34%至 67.15%的方差，Cronbach's α 值范围为 0.71 至 0.89。《精神疾病歧视态度问卷》包括 16 个项目，分为 4 个分量表：异常行为、社会隔离、负面刻板印象和自我污名化。《儿童情绪和行为障碍歧视态度问卷》包括 14 个项目，分为 3 个分量表：排斥态度、负面刻板印象和异常行为。《残疾歧视态度问卷》包括 10 个项目，分为 3 个分量表：积极刻板印象、负面刻板印象和悲观预期。此外，男性对歧视的态度略高于女性。
结论
结果表明，这些问卷具有令人满意的因子结构和内部一致性，因此支持使用这些问卷来了解医学生对这些人群的态度。此外，应该特别注意医学生歧视态度中的性别差异。
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