National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China.
National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, PR China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
Transfus Med Rev. 2020 Apr;34(2):75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
With the outbreak of unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, a new coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), aroused the attention of the entire world. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 in China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Two other coronavirus infections-SARS in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012-both caused severe respiratory syndrome in humans. All 3 of these emerging infectious diseases leading to a global spread are caused by β-coronaviruses. Although coronaviruses usually infect the upper or lower respiratory tract, viral shedding in plasma or serum is common. Therefore, there is still a theoretical risk of transmission of coronaviruses through the transfusion of labile blood products. Because more and more asymptomatic infections are being found among COVID-19 cases, considerations of blood safety and coronaviruses have arisen especially in endemic areas. In this review, we detail current evidence and understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 through blood products as of February 10, 2020, and also discuss pathogen inactivation methods on coronaviruses.
2019 年 12 月，中国武汉暴发不明原因肺炎，一种新型冠状病毒，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），引起了全世界的关注。目前感染 SARS-CoV-2 的暴发被称为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。世界卫生组织宣布中国 COVID-19 为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。另外两种冠状病毒感染——2002-2003 年的 SARS 和 2012 年的中东呼吸综合征（MERS）——均在人类中引起严重的呼吸道综合征。这三种导致全球传播的新发传染病均由β-冠状病毒引起。尽管冠状病毒通常感染上呼吸道或下呼吸道，但在血浆或血清中病毒脱落很常见。因此，通过不稳定血液制品的输注传播冠状病毒仍存在理论风险。由于在 COVID-19 病例中发现越来越多的无症状感染，在流行地区，对血液安全性和冠状病毒的考虑尤其重要。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了截至 2020 年 2 月 10 日，通过血液制品传播 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的现有证据和认识，并讨论了冠状病毒的病原体灭活方法。
