Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
LaPsyDE, Unité CNRS 3521, Université Paris Descartes, Labo A. Binet, 46, rue Saint Jacques, 75005, Paris, France.
Mem Cognit. 2020 Aug;48(6):920-930. doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01027-3.
Growing evidence supports the dual-strategy model, which suggests that reasoners have access to both a statistical and a counterexample reasoning strategy. In this paper, we explore further the processes underlying strategy use. We report three studies, the aim of which was to clarify the relation between this model and two forms of everyday reasoning. One of the most robust effects found with conditional reasoning with meaningful premises is the effect of alternative antecedents on the endorsement of AC and DA inferences. In a first study, we presented participants with conditional reasoning problems having more or fewer accessible alternatives as well as our dual-strategy diagnostic questionnaire. As hypothesized, results showed that strategy use had an independent effect on the inferences made with the AC and DA forms, over and above the effect of the number of antecedents, but was not related to responding to the MP and the MT forms. In a second study, we found that this relation extended to reasoning from an incompatibility statement. Finally, a third study showed that this relationship did not hold with probabilistic rather than logical response instructions, suggesting that the way reasoners transform a probabilistic evaluation into a dichotomous judgment is a key determinant of strategy use.
越来越多的证据支持双重策略模型，该模型表明，推理者可以同时使用统计推理策略和反例推理策略。在本文中，我们进一步探讨了策略使用背后的过程。我们报告了三项研究，旨在阐明该模型与两种日常推理形式之间的关系。在有意义前提的条件推理中，最具稳健性的效应之一是替代前提对 AC 和 DA 推理的认可的影响。在第一项研究中，我们向参与者展示了具有更多或更少可访问替代方案的条件推理问题，以及我们的双重策略诊断问卷。正如假设的那样，结果表明，策略使用对 AC 和 DA 形式的推理有独立的影响，超过了前提数量的影响，但与对 MP 和 MT 形式的反应无关。在第二项研究中，我们发现这种关系扩展到了从不兼容陈述中进行推理。最后，第三项研究表明，这种关系不适用于概率而不是逻辑反应指令，这表明推理者将概率评估转换为二分判断的方式是策略使用的关键决定因素。
