Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
J Psychosom Res. 2020 May;132:109959. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109959. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
This explorative study aimed to determine the extent of psychological burden in social workers working with traumatized refugees. In addition, distressing and helpful factors determining the psychosocial burden were to be identified and described.
Cross-sectional, mixed method design using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative part included the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and items to assess specific factors of the working-context. The qualitative part is based on 5 focus groupdiscussions and 16 individual interviews. Evaluation was carried out using qualitative content analysis (QCA) including cross-analysis along the subscales of the PSQ to organise the qualitative material.
N = 54 social workers completed the questionnaire. High scores were found for all subscales of the PSQ. The distressing factor rated the highest was need of interpreters to communicate (M = 5.1, SD = 1.71), the helpful factor rated the highest was communication skills (M = 6.35, SD = 0.73). In the QCA, aspects of distressing and helpful factors were identified and further detailed.
According to the here presented study results, the psychological burdens of social workers working with refugees seem to be high. The impact of distressing factors such as working with interpreters and exposure to trauma content or PTSD symptoms might be reduced by offering specific education and supervision. The individual extent of psychological burden should be considered and (re-)evaluated on a regular basis as secondary prevention. Helpful factors like self-care, teamwork, networking and cooperation are evident and should be supported by implementing professional and psychological support.
本探索性研究旨在确定从事创伤难民工作的社会工作者的心理负担程度。此外，还确定和描述了确定心理社会负担的痛苦和有益因素。
使用定量和定性方法的横断面混合方法设计。定量部分包括感知压力问卷 (PSQ) 和评估工作环境特定因素的项目。定性部分基于 5 个焦点小组讨论和 16 个个人访谈。评估是使用定性内容分析 (QCA) 进行的，包括沿 PSQ 子量表进行交叉分析，以组织定性材料。
54 名社会工作者完成了问卷。PSQ 的所有子量表得分都很高。评分最高的痛苦因素是需要口译员进行沟通（M=5.1，SD=1.71），评分最高的有益因素是沟通技巧（M=6.35，SD=0.73）。在 QCA 中，确定并进一步详细说明了痛苦和有益因素的各个方面。
根据本研究结果，从事难民工作的社会工作者的心理负担似乎很高。通过提供特定的教育和监督，可以减轻与口译员一起工作、接触创伤内容或 PTSD 症状等痛苦因素的影响。应定期考虑和（重新）评估个人的心理负担程度，作为二级预防。自我保健、团队合作、建立网络和合作等有益因素是显而易见的，应通过实施专业和心理支持来加以支持。
