Vilz T O, V Websky M, Kalff J C, Stoffels B
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
Chirurg. 2020 Mar;91(3):269-280. doi: 10.1007/s00104-020-01144-4.
An intestinal stoma (greek στὁμα, stoma: mouth, opening) is a surgically created opening of a gut section through the abdominal wall, which serves as an artificial intestinal exit for excretion of feces (synonym preternatural anus). A stoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is often surgically created at the distal small intestine (ileostomy) and the colon (colostomy). Temporary or permanent deviation of fecal excretion may be required to treat various pathological conditions (e.g. congenital anomalies, ileus, inflammatory bowel diseases, posttraumatic, diverticulitis, colorectal malignancy). The creation of an end vs. a loop stoma is technically different. To achieve sufficient patient satisfaction close collaboration between surgeons, professional stoma care with guidance and training as well as support from self-help groups are required. In this way serious stoma-related complications can be avoided.
肠造口（希腊语στὁμα，stoma：口、开口）是通过腹壁外科手术创建的肠道部分开口，用作粪便排泄的人工肠道出口（同义词：异常肛门）。胃肠道（GI）造口通常在远端小肠（回肠造口术）和结肠（结肠造口术）进行外科手术创建。为治疗各种病理状况（如先天性异常、肠梗阻、炎症性肠病、创伤后、憩室炎、结直肠癌），可能需要临时或永久性改变粪便排泄途径。端式造口与袢式造口的创建在技术上有所不同。为使患者获得足够满意度，外科医生之间需密切协作，提供专业的造口护理指导与培训以及自助团体的支持。通过这种方式可避免严重的造口相关并发症。
