黎巴嫩电子烟使用的知识和态度及其相关因素。
Knowledge and attitudes towards E-cigarette use in Lebanon and their associated factors.
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 11-0236 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 11-0236 Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Feb 28;20(1):278. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8381-x.
BACKGROUND
Despite the misconceptions regarding E-cigarettes (ECs), only a few studies have been conducted in the Middle East that focused on this topic. This study assesses the knowledge of and attitudes towards ECs in Lebanon, determines how these two measures are associated, and identifies the variables that explain each of these measures.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of Lebanese pedestrians aged between 18 and 64 inclusive. A structured self-administered questionnaire comprising of knowledge and attitude scales, and questions on demographical, health and smoking characteristics was used.
RESULTS
Scores for attitudes and knowledge of ECs were summed and dichotomized using a 75% cutoff, above which the participant was considered to have a positive attitude and good knowledge. Among the 352 participants (56.6% males, 43.3% females, mean age 30.3, 46.2% smokers), 63.3% exhibited a lower level of EC knowledge. More than 50% erroneously thought that ECs are not associated with lung and bladder cancer or impair lung and heart function. 65% falsely thought that it is harmless and not addictive. As for attitude, 43.3, 53.9, and 44.3% thought that it is socially acceptable, helps in smoking cessation, and is a good replacement for cigarettes and an enjoyable recreational device respectively. Our results revealed an inverse correlation between attitude and knowledge scores (Spearman's correlation = -.30, p < .001). Predictors of knowledge included health-related occupation (p = .010), regular exercise (p = .016), healthy diet (p = .026), EC use (p = .026), perception that ECs are not harmful (p = .001), and help in smoking cessation (p = .017). Predictors of attitude included EC use (p = .008), sex (p = .010), and knowledge that most ECs are addictive (p = .006), harmful (p = .014), and impair heart and lung function (p = .047).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed a gap in EC knowledge, especially among participants who displayed a positive attitude towards ECs. Hence, measures should be undertaken to regulate its use by instituting more stringent laws and holding nationwide awareness campaigns.
背景
尽管人们对电子烟（ECs）存在误解，但中东地区仅有少数研究关注这一话题。本研究旨在评估黎巴嫩民众对 ECs 的认知和态度，分析这两个方面的相关性，并确定能够解释这两个方面的变量。
方法
本研究采用横断面研究设计，以黎巴嫩 18-64 岁的行人作为便利样本，通过自填式问卷收集关于人口统计学、健康状况和吸烟特征的信息，同时还包含 EC 知识和态度的评估量表。
结果
本研究共纳入 352 名参与者（男性占 56.6%，女性占 43.3%，平均年龄 30.3 岁，46.2%为吸烟者）。结果显示，参与者对 ECs 的认知水平较低，63.3%的参与者得分低于 75%，即对 ECs 的了解处于较低水平。超过 50%的参与者错误地认为 ECs 与肺癌、膀胱癌或心肺功能障碍无关，65%的参与者认为 ECs 是无害且不易上瘾的。在态度方面，43.3%、53.9%和 44.3%的参与者分别认为 ECs 在社会上是可以接受的、有助于戒烟、是香烟的良好替代品和一种令人愉悦的娱乐设备。此外，本研究还发现态度和认知得分呈负相关（Spearman 相关系数为-.30，p<0.001）。知识得分的预测因素包括与健康相关的职业（p=0.010）、定期锻炼（p=0.016）、健康饮食（p=0.026）、使用 ECs（p=0.026）、认为 ECs 无害（p=0.001）和有助于戒烟（p=0.017）。态度得分的预测因素包括使用 ECs（p=0.008）、性别（p=0.010）以及大多数 ECs 具有成瘾性（p=0.006）、有害性（p=0.014）和损害心肺功能（p=0.047）的认知。
结论
本研究表明，黎巴嫩民众对 ECs 的了解存在较大空白，尤其是对 ECs 持积极态度的人群。因此，应采取措施，通过制定更严格的法律和开展全国性的宣传活动来规范 ECs 的使用。
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