Community of Research in Education, Music, and the Arts, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
J Voice. 2021 Sep;35(5):804.e27-804.e42. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.01.015. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
The aim was to study vocal tract dimensions in four vocal modes - Neutral, Curbing, Overdrive and Edge - from Complete Vocal Technique (CVT) by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the purpose was to test the feasibility of MRI to assess CVT vocal modes.
Four nonclassical singers (two females, two males) trained in CVT were imaged with an MRI scanner while singing sustained vowels at same pitch (Bb4 for females, F4 for males) in all vocal modes. Audio signals were simultaneously recorded through a pipe for quality assurance purposes. Auditory evaluation was performed by three CVT teachers in the scanner control room via headphones, and by one CVT teacher inside the MRI room. Previously developed measurement models modified by the authors were used to measure vocal tract dimensions from sagittal MRI projections. Repeatability test was performed for all measurements.
In all subjects, vocal tract dimensions displayed differences between the vocal modes. Edge stood out from other vocal modes by showing most laryngeal narrowing accompanied by shortest vocal tract and highest vertical laryngeal position. For Neutral, least mouth opening and shortest distance between tongue and palate were found. Curbing differed consistently from Edge and somewhat from Overdrive showing higher measured values for vocal fold length. Differences regarding vocal fold length were also detected between Neutral and Edge. As expected, differences in vocal tract dimensions were found between samples sung with different vowels.
Vocal tract adjustments play a key role in the production of the vocal modes. The model used to measure vocal tract dimensions succeeded in finding significant differences between the vocal modes, also detecting differences between different vowel productions. The method used to characterize vocal tract dimensions seem promising and would be worthwhile to apply to a larger material.
本研究旨在通过磁共振成像（MRI）研究完整声乐技巧（CVT）中的 4 种发声模式（中立、遏制、过驱和边缘）的声道尺寸。此外，本研究还旨在测试 MRI 评估 CVT 发声模式的可行性。
4 名接受过 CVT 训练的非传统歌手（2 名女性，2 名男性）在 MRI 扫描仪中以相同音高（女性为 Bb4，男性为 F4）持续哼唱元音，同时用管道录制音频信号，以确保质量。听觉评估由 3 名 CVT 教师在扫描仪控制室通过耳机进行，1 名 CVT 教师在 MRI 室内进行。本研究使用作者修改后的先前开发的测量模型，从矢状 MRI 投影中测量声道尺寸。对所有测量值进行了重复性测试。
在所有受试者中，发声模式之间的声道尺寸存在差异。边缘模式与其他发声模式的区别在于，其喉部最窄，声道最短，声门位置最高。在中立模式下，口张得最小，舌与腭之间的距离最短。遏制模式与边缘模式始终不同，与过驱模式有些不同，其声带长度的测量值较高。在中立和边缘模式之间也发现了声带长度的差异。如预期的那样，不同元音的发声样本之间的声道尺寸存在差异。
声道调整在发声模式的产生中起着关键作用。本研究使用的测量声道尺寸的模型成功地发现了发声模式之间的显著差异，还检测到了不同元音产生之间的差异。用于描述声道尺寸的方法似乎很有前途，值得在更大的材料中应用。
