Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK; Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Clin Nutr. 2020 Oct;39(10):3168-3174. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.009. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Uncertainty still exists on the impact of low to moderate consumption of different drink types on population health. We therefore investigated the associations of different drink types in the form of beer/cider, champagne/white wine, red wine and spirits with various health outcomes. METHODS: Over 500,000 participants were recruited to the UK Biobank cohort. Alcohol consumption was self-reported as pints beer/cider, glasses champagne/white wine, glasses of red wine, and measures of spirits per week. We followed health outcomes for a median of 7.02 years and reported all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events, and cancer. RESULTS: In continuous analysis after excluding non-drinkers, beer/cider and spirits intake associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (beer/cider: hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.68; spirits: 1.47; 1.35-1.60), cardiovascular events (beer/cider: 1.25; 1.17-1.33; spirits: 1.25; 1.16-1.36), ischemic heart disease (beer/cider:1.12; 0.99-1.26 [P = 0.056]; spirits: 1.17; 1.02-1.35), cerebrovascular disease (beer/cider: 1.63; 1.32-2.02; spirits: 1.59; 1.25-2.02) and cancer (beer/cider: 1.14; 1.05-1.24; spirits: 1.14; 1.03-1.26), while both champagne/white wine and red wine associated with a decreased risk for ischemic heart disease only (champagne/white wine: 0.84; 0.72-0.98; red wine: 0.88; 0.77-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the notion that alcohol from any drink type is beneficial to health. Consuming low levels of beer/cider and spirits already associated with an increased risk for all health outcomes, while wine showed opposite protective relationships only with ischemic heart disease.
背景与目的:关于不同类型饮料(如啤酒/苹果酒、香槟/白葡萄酒、红葡萄酒和烈性酒)的低至中度摄入对人群健康的影响,目前仍存在不确定性。因此,我们研究了不同类型饮料(啤酒/苹果酒、香槟/白葡萄酒、红葡萄酒和烈性酒)与各种健康结果之间的关联。
方法:英国生物库队列招募了超过 50 万名参与者。饮酒量以每周摄入的品脱啤酒/苹果酒、杯香槟/白葡萄酒、杯红葡萄酒和烈酒衡量。我们对健康结果进行了中位数为 7.02 年的随访,并报告了全因死亡率、心血管事件、缺血性心脏病、脑血管事件和癌症。
结果:在排除非饮酒者后,连续分析显示,啤酒/苹果酒和烈性酒摄入与全因死亡率(啤酒/苹果酒:风险比,1.56;95%置信区间,1.45-1.68;烈性酒:1.47;1.35-1.60)、心血管事件(啤酒/苹果酒:1.25;1.17-1.33;烈性酒:1.25;1.16-1.36)、缺血性心脏病(啤酒/苹果酒:1.12;0.99-1.26[P=0.056];烈性酒:1.17;1.02-1.35)、脑血管疾病(啤酒/苹果酒:1.63;1.32-2.02;烈性酒:1.59;1.25-2.02)和癌症(啤酒/苹果酒:1.14;1.05-1.24;烈性酒:1.14;1.03-1.26)风险增加相关,而香槟/白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒仅与缺血性心脏病风险降低相关(香槟/白葡萄酒:0.84;0.72-0.98;红葡萄酒:0.88;0.77-0.99)。
结论:我们的研究结果不支持任何类型的饮料中的酒精对健康有益的观点。饮用低水平的啤酒/苹果酒和烈性酒已经与所有健康结果的风险增加相关,而葡萄酒仅与缺血性心脏病呈相反的保护关系。
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