Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Botany Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 28;10(1):3687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60601-6.
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an important grain legume grown in the dry agro-ecologies of the tropics with considerably low yield due to lack of improved varieties, aggravated by prevalent narrow genetic base. Thus, induced mutagenesis was employed using sodium azide and gamma rays to increase genetic variability in cowpea genotypes that resulted in isolation of eleven high yielding mutant lines at the M generation from the genetic background of cowpea varieties Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578. In order to analyze the induced genetic divergence among the mutant lines and parent genotypes, biochemical and molecular characterization was carried out with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and CAAT box derived polymorphism (CBDP) markers. Activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and content of chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and mineral were found to be significantly high in the selected mutant lines compared to their respective parent genotypes. SDS-PAGE profile of seed proteins generated 54 and 28 polymorphic bands and a total polymorphism of 62.06 and 41.17% in Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578, respectively. SSR primers amplified a total of 16 and 24 polymorphic bands with an average polymorphism of 20.69 and 50.74% in Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578, respectively. CBDP markers, used for the first time in mutagenized population, generated 175 bands with 77 bands being polymorphic in Gomati VU-89 and 121 bands with 59 bands being polymorphic in Pusa-578. Physiological, biochemical and molecular profiling of the selected promising mutants lines showed that Gomati VU-89-G and Pusa-578-C are genetically most diverged high yielding genotypes with significant increase in protein and micronutrient content, therefore, could be recommended for further research considerations. Thus, the favorable combination of genes induced in the novel cowpea mutants selected through the present study are valuable to correspond farmers requirements for new improved cultivars (direct or hybrids).
菜豆，Vigna unguiculata（L.）Walp. 是一种重要的粮食豆类作物，生长在热带干旱农业生态区，由于缺乏改良品种，加上普遍存在的遗传基础狭窄，导致产量相当低。因此，使用叠氮化钠和伽马射线对菜豆基因型进行了诱导突变，以增加遗传变异性，从而在 Gomati VU-89 和 Pusa-578 等菜豆品种的遗传背景下，在 M 代分离出 11 个高产品种。为了分析突变体与亲本基因型之间的诱导遗传差异，对其进行了生化和分子特征分析，包括十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）、简单重复序列（SSR）和 CAAT 盒衍生多态性（CBDP）标记。与各自的亲本基因型相比，所选突变体的硝酸还原酶（NR）活性、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、蛋白质和矿物质含量均显著升高。种子蛋白 SDS-PAGE 图谱在 Gomati VU-89 和 Pusa-578 中分别产生了 54 和 28 个多态带，总多态性分别为 62.06%和 41.17%。SSR 引物共扩增了 16 和 24 个多态带，Gomati VU-89 和 Pusa-578 的平均多态性分别为 20.69%和 50.74%。CBDP 标记首次用于诱变群体，在 Gomati VU-89 中产生了 175 个带，其中 77 个带为多态性，在 Pusa-578 中产生了 121 个带，其中 59 个带为多态性。对选定的有前途的突变体的生理、生化和分子分析表明，Gomati VU-89-G 和 Pusa-578-C 是遗传上差异最大的高产基因型，其蛋白质和微量营养素含量显著增加，因此可推荐进一步研究。因此，通过本研究选择的新型菜豆突变体中诱导的有利基因组合，对应了农民对新型改良品种（直接或杂交）的需求。
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