Raina Aamir, Laskar Rafiul Amin, Wani Mohammad Rafiq, Jan Basit Latief, Ali Sajad, Khan Samiullah
Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Botany Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 14;13:911049. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911049. eCollection 2022.
With the twin pressures of high population growth and extreme weather events, developing countries are the worst hit in meeting the food demands of their people, with millions unable to access adequate and nutritionally balanced food. Crop production must be increased by 70% to keep up with the food demands of a rapidly growing population, which is expected to rise to 9.6 billion by 2050. Legumes are ideal food crops to increase agricultural productivity and achieve sustainable development goals. Cowpea, a warm-season grain legume, is often categorized as a neglected crop with immense scope for genetic improvement through proper breeding strategies. A multi-year field experiment of induced mutagenesis was conducted to increase seed yield and genetic variability in the agro-economic traits of two cowpea varieties treated with different doses of gamma (γ) rays and sodium azide (SA). The study was also aimed to optimize different doses of γ rays and SA employed individually and in combinations. Quantitative trait analysis revealed a maximum increase in seed yield from M to M generation. Among the 10 quantitative traits studied, seeds per pod and seed weight positively correlated with a major direct impact on yield. An extensive phenotypic selection cycle from M-M generations resulted in isolating new high-yielding and nutrient-dense mutant lines. Such high-yielding biofortified mutant lines with enhanced genetic variability could serve as a donor of elite genes and represent a valuable genetic resource for improving low-yielding warm-season grain legumes.
在人口高增长和极端天气事件的双重压力下，发展中国家在满足其人民的粮食需求方面受到的冲击最为严重，数百万人无法获得充足且营养均衡的食物。作物产量必须提高70%，才能跟上快速增长的人口的粮食需求，预计到2050年人口将增至96亿。豆类是提高农业生产力和实现可持续发展目标的理想粮食作物。豇豆是一种暖季谷物豆类，通常被归类为被忽视的作物，通过适当的育种策略，其遗传改良潜力巨大。进行了一项为期多年的诱变田间试验，以提高用不同剂量的γ射线和叠氮化钠（SA）处理的两个豇豆品种的种子产量和农艺经济性状的遗传变异性。该研究还旨在优化单独使用和组合使用的不同剂量的γ射线和SA。数量性状分析表明，从M代到M代种子产量增幅最大。在所研究的10个数量性状中，每荚种子数和种子重量与产量呈正相关且对产量有主要直接影响。从M代到M代进行广泛的表型选择循环，筛选出了新的高产且营养丰富的突变系。这种具有增强遗传变异性的高产生物强化突变系可作为优良基因的供体，是改良低产暖季谷物豆类的宝贵遗传资源。
