Raina Aamir, Khan Samiullah
Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Botany Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 14;14:1188077. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188077. eCollection 2023.
Across the globe, plant breeders of different organizations are working in collaboration to bring preferred traits to crops of economic importance. Among the traits, "high yielding potential" is the most important as it is directly associated with food security and nutrition, one of the sustainable development goals. The Food and Agriculture Organization acknowledges plant breeders' role and efforts in achieving local and global food security and nutrition. Recognizing the importance of pulses and increasing pressure on food security, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2016 the "International year of Pulses" owing to their preferred traits such as climate change resilience, wide adaptability, low agriculture input, and protein- and nutrient-rich crops. Keeping all these developments in consideration, we initiated an induced mutagenesis program by treating cowpea ( L. Walp.) with different doses of gamma rays and sodium azide aiming to enhance the yielding potential of an otherwise outstanding variety viz., Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578. We noticed a substantial increase in mean values of agronomic traits in putative mutants raised from seeds treated with lower and intermediate doses of mutagens. Statistical analysis such as correlation, path, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the difference between mutagenized and control populations. A significant and positive correlation of yield with yield-attributing traits was recorded. However, among all the yield attributing traits, seeds per pod (SPP) depicted the maximum direct impact upon yield, and therefore, working on this trait may yield better results. A widely used PCA revealed 40.46% and 33.47% of the total variation for var. Gomati VU-89 and var. Pusa-578, respectively. Cluster analysis clustered treated and control populations into separate clusters with variable cluster sizes. Cluster V in the variety Gomati VU-89 and cluster V and VI in the variety Pusa 578 comprised of putative mutants were higher yielding and hence could be recommended for selection in future breeding programs. We expect to release such mutant lines for farmer cultivation in Northern parts of India depending on the performance of such high-yielding mutant lines at multilocations.
在全球范围内，不同组织的植物育种者正在合作，将理想性状引入具有经济重要性的作物中。在这些性状中，“高产潜力”最为重要，因为它与粮食安全和营养直接相关，而粮食安全和营养是可持续发展目标之一。联合国粮食及农业组织认可植物育种者在实现地方和全球粮食安全及营养方面的作用和努力。认识到豆类的重要性以及粮食安全面临的日益增大的压力，联合国大会宣布2016年为“国际豆类年”，这是因为豆类具有诸如适应气候变化、广泛适应性、低农业投入以及富含蛋白质和营养等理想性状。考虑到所有这些进展，我们启动了一项诱变计划，用不同剂量的伽马射线和叠氮化钠处理豇豆（L. Walp.），旨在提高一个原本优良的品种即戈马蒂VU - 89和普萨 - 578的产量潜力。我们注意到，用较低和中等剂量诱变剂处理的种子培育出的推定突变体的农艺性状平均值有显著增加。使用了相关性分析、通径分析、层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）等统计分析方法来评估诱变群体和对照群体之间的差异。记录到产量与产量构成性状之间存在显著正相关。然而，在所有产量构成性状中，每荚粒数（SPP）对产量的直接影响最大，因此，针对这一性状开展工作可能会取得更好的结果。一种广泛使用的主成分分析显示，戈马蒂VU - 89品种和普萨 - 578品种分别有40.46%和33.47%的总变异。聚类分析将处理群体和对照群体聚类到不同大小的单独聚类中。戈马蒂VU - 89品种中的聚类V以及普萨578品种中的聚类V和VI包含推定突变体，产量较高，因此可推荐在未来育种计划中进行选择。根据这些高产突变系在多个地点的表现，我们期望在印度北部发布此类突变系供农民种植。
