Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Laboratorio de Nutrición y Actividad Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (unidad Xochimilco), Ciudad de México, México.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2020;77(1):15-22. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.19000139.
Physical fitness is the ability to perform activities of daily living without excessive fatigue. The potential protective role of fitness against high blood pressure in childhood is relevant to diminish the risk of hypertension in adulthood. A negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and hypertension has been found in the pediatric population. However, the role of body mass as a confounding variable of this association has not been evaluated. This study aimed to analyze whether the association between fitness and blood pressure in Mexican schoolchildren is independent of body mass.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1010 children (574 females and 436 males) aged 9-12 years (mean age = 10.3 ± 0.9 years) from 13 elementary schools in Mexico City. Fitness was evaluated with tests from the FitnessGram battery. Z-scores of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and height-for-age were estimated.
Low fitness showed a high prevalence (from 45.8% for trunk lift to 77.5% for push-ups). Children with poor CRF (assessed by the 20-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test) and upper body strength (assessed by push-ups) showed a higher probability of hypertension (p < 0.05). However, these differences disappeared after adjusting for BMI.
After considering the body mass, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness were not independent predictors of blood pressure.
身体适应能力是指在不过度疲劳的情况下进行日常活动的能力。适应能力对预防儿童期高血压的潜在保护作用与降低成年期高血压的风险有关。在儿科人群中，心肺适应能力（CRF）与高血压之间存在负相关关系。然而，身体质量作为这种关联的混杂变量的作用尚未得到评估。本研究旨在分析在墨西哥学龄儿童中，适应能力与血压之间的关联是否独立于身体质量。
本研究为横断面研究，样本来自墨西哥城 13 所小学的 1010 名儿童（574 名女性和 436 名男性），年龄为 9-12 岁（平均年龄=10.3±0.9 岁）。采用 FitnessGram 电池测试评估适应能力。估计了身体质量指数（BMI）-年龄和身高-年龄的 Z 分数。
低适应能力的比例较高（从躯干抬起测试的 45.8%到俯卧撑测试的 77.5%）。心肺适应能力差（通过 20 米渐进式有氧心血管耐力跑测试评估）和上肢力量差（通过俯卧撑评估）的儿童患高血压的可能性更高（p<0.05）。然而，在调整 BMI 后，这些差异消失了。
在考虑体重后，心肺和肌肉骨骼适应能力不是血压的独立预测因素。
