Western New England University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, USA.
Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;54(9):907-920. doi: 10.1177/1060028020911085. Epub 2020 Mar 1.
To review specific literature that aimed to predict the future of US pharmacy, beginning in the late 1980s. Articles were identified from searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and references of relevant articles. The following combinations of search terms were used: , , , and . The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) full-text commentary, review, or original research and (2) focused predominantly on the pharmacy in the United States. Data on predictions for the future of pharmacy were extracted. We selected 3 articles published between 1988 and 2006, with each aiming to project the future for the following decade. We examined each prediction in light of the current knowledge. Educators, practitioners, and other stakeholders should consider reflecting on the changes in pharmacy for the past 3 decades and applying both historical and emerging trends to improve patient care and sustain practice in the third decade of the 21st century and beyond. Most of the predictions for the future of pharmacy from the past 3 decades materialized, with some still in progress (reimbursement for pharmacy services), whereas others manifested in unexpected ways (transition from shortage to excess of pharmacists). Current forces shaping pharmacy include, but are not limited to, growing spending and use of specialty drugs, automation of pharmacy operations, growth of pharmacy in the digital health enterprise, and growing consumer interest in the use of analytical pharmacy that tests drugs before dispensing.
回顾旨在预测美国药学未来的特定文献，始于 20 世纪 80 年代末。通过搜索 MEDLINE、CINAHL、Google Scholar 和相关文章的参考文献，确定了这些文章。使用了以下搜索词组合： 、 、 、 。应用了以下纳入标准：（1）全文评论、综述或原始研究，（2）主要关注美国的药学。提取了有关药学未来预测的数据。我们选择了 3 篇发表于 1988 年至 2006 年的文章，每篇文章都旨在预测未来十年。我们根据当前知识审视了每一个预测。教育工作者、从业者和其他利益相关者应该考虑反思过去 30 年药学的变化，并将历史和新兴趋势应用于改善患者护理，并在 21 世纪第三个十年及以后维持实践。过去 30 年中，大多数关于药学未来的预测已经实现，有些仍在进行中（为药学服务提供报销），而其他则以出人意料的方式表现出来（药剂师从短缺到过剩的转变）。当前塑造药学的力量包括但不限于，特种药物使用和支出的增长、药学运营的自动化、数字健康企业中药学的发展以及消费者对在配药前测试药物的分析药学使用的兴趣日益增加。
