Graves Lynne M G, Lubell Joshua, King Wayne, Yampolskiy Mark
Department of Computer Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
IEEE Access. 2019;7. doi: 10.1109/access.2019.2931738.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is expected to become an established manufacturing technology in the near future. The growing penetration of AM at manufacturers across the world and the dependence of this technology on computerization have already raised security concerns, some of which have been proven experimentally. In this paper, we analyze the AM Security from three awareness perspectives: exposure to an attack, evaluation of the system, and potential liability for a successful attack. For each of these perspectives, we first introduce the conceptual background and then provide the analysis of its applicability to AM, highlighting its distinctiveness from closely related subtractive manufacturing (SM). Our analysis shows that, while there is a certain overlap between AM and SM security, the AM requires a separate and unique perspective and approach undertaken by experts with relevant domain expertise.
增材制造（AM）有望在不久的将来成为一种成熟的制造技术。增材制造在全球制造商中的日益普及以及该技术对计算机化的依赖已经引发了安全担忧，其中一些已通过实验得到证实。在本文中，我们从三个认知角度分析增材制造安全：遭受攻击的风险、系统评估以及成功攻击的潜在责任。对于每个角度，我们首先介绍概念背景，然后分析其在增材制造中的适用性，突出其与密切相关的减材制造（SM）的区别。我们的分析表明，虽然增材制造和减材制造安全之间存在一定重叠，但增材制造需要具有相关领域专业知识的专家采用单独且独特的视角和方法。
