Lipich T I, Polukhin O N, Reutov N N, Artyukh A V, Penskoy V V
The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research University", 308015 Belgorod, Russia,
The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research University", 308015 Belgorod, Russia.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2020 Jan;28(1):158-163. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-1-158-163.
The article considers the features of the impact of epidemics on the course of hostilities and the fate of the states of Antiquity. Three cases are presented as examples. The first one is related to the invasion of the Assyrian King Sennacherib in Judea and the attempt of his troops to take Jerusalem. The second case is related to the epidemic in Athens in the early years of the Peloponnesian war. The third one - with the epidemic in the Roman Empire in the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD. The analysis, based on information from extant sources, permitted to conclude that the intensity and destructive effect of epidemics in the Ancient World increased gradually. To this fact is attributed the effect of "closing" the Oikumena into a single whole. However, the degree of influence of epidemics on the fate of ancient states is greatly exaggerated by the historical tradition, which developed under the influence of emotional descriptions of the tragedies and mass deaths of people.
本文探讨了流行病对古代战争进程和各国命运的影响特点。文中列举了三个案例作为示例。第一个案例与亚述国王西拿基立入侵犹大以及他的军队试图攻占耶路撒冷有关。第二个案例与伯罗奔尼撒战争初期雅典的流行病有关。第三个案例则与公元2世纪下半叶罗马帝国的流行病有关。基于现存资料进行的分析得出结论，古代世界流行病的强度和破坏作用是逐渐增强的。“环宇”（指古代世界）形成一个整体的“封闭”效应即归因于此。然而，历史传统在对悲剧和民众大规模死亡的情感描述影响下发展起来，极大地夸大了流行病对古代国家命运的影响程度。
