Vehicle Safety, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020;21(3):209-214. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1724979. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Cyclists account for a large share of injured road users in traffic. The crash data analysis for cyclist safety and protection should be based on a representative dataset of real-world crashes. This manuscript aimed to explore the patterns of cyclists' fractures and factors associated with fractures of higher severity. This paper exemplifies a methodology that combines injuries from a crash database, including both hospital and police reports and fracture registry database from orthopedic centers nationally in Sweden. Car occupants were most frequently involved in crashes resulting in fractures (37%), followed by motorcyclists (27.6%) and bicyclists (15.4%). Common fracture locations differed by the type of road user, where cyclists were more frequently fractured in the lower arm, compared to other road users, such as car drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrians who suffered mostly of fractures in the lower leg. Within cyclists, injuries also differed by gender, suggesting that combination of different countermeasures may be needed in order to provide sufficient protection for all cyclist. In the analyzed data, male cyclists with an average age of 49 were the most frequently fractured cyclists. Fractures of cyclists to the acetabulum (100%), pelvis (84.2%), vertebra (75%) and tibia (70.3%) were most frequently high energy fractures. Single bicycle incidents (OR = 0.165) and collisions with another bicycle (OR = 0.148) were significantly less likely to result in a high energy fracture than a collision with a car. The results of this study may guide the design of appropriate protective devices for the cyclists based on the different injury mechanisms and provide implications for prioritizing new countermeasures, campaigns, or regulations.
在道路交通中，骑自行车的人受伤的比例很大。为了分析和保护骑自行车者的安全，应该基于真实世界事故的代表性数据集进行 crash 数据分析。本文旨在探索骑自行车者骨折的模式以及与更严重骨折相关的因素。本文举例说明了一种结合了来自瑞典全国骨科中心的 crash 数据库（包括医院和警方报告以及骨折登记数据库）中的伤害的方法。汽车乘客最常涉及导致骨折的事故（37%），其次是摩托车驾驶员（27.6%）和骑自行车的人（15.4%）。常见的骨折部位因道路使用者的类型而异，其中与其他道路使用者（如汽车司机、摩托车驾驶员和行人）相比，骑自行车的人更容易在下臂骨折，而汽车司机、摩托车驾驶员和行人则更容易在小腿骨折。在骑自行车的人中，受伤情况也因性别而异，这表明为了为所有骑自行车的人提供足够的保护，可能需要采取不同的措施相结合。在分析的数据中，平均年龄为 49 岁的男性骑自行车者是最容易骨折的。髋臼（100%）、骨盆（84.2%）、椎体（75%）和胫骨（70.3%）骨折的骑自行车者最常发生高能骨折。与汽车碰撞（OR = 0.165）和与另一辆自行车碰撞（OR = 0.148）相比，单自行车事故（OR = 0.165）和与另一辆自行车碰撞（OR = 0.148）不太可能导致高能骨折。本研究的结果可以根据不同的损伤机制指导为骑自行车者设计适当的防护设备，并为优先考虑新的对策、运动或法规提供依据。
