School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
J Med Food. 2020 Mar;23(3):206-214. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0266. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Some research supports high-fat carbohydrate (CHO)-restricted diets for weight and fat loss and improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors. To test this, a randomized crossover study was designed. Subjects (17 obese men and women [BMI: 30-38 kg/m]) were fed three diets (supplying 1600 and 2200 kilocalories (kcal)/day for women and men, respectively) for 4 weeks, with each trial separated by 4-week washout periods. One CHO-restricted diet (10% CHO, 50% fat, and 40% protein content) was rich in plant foods and mushrooms, while the other CHO-restricted diet included more animal foods (10% CHO, 60% fat, and 30% protein content). The third diet was lower in fat and protein content (LF) and higher in CHOs (61% CHO, 21% fat, and 18% protein content). Body composition was assessed through hydrostatic weighing before and after each diet trial. Fasting blood samples were collected weekly for analysis of hormones and lipids. Data were analyzed through repeated measures analysis of variance with paired comparison -tests. Weight and fat loss were similar ( > .05) among trials. Subjects lost lean mass ( < .05) during CHO-restricted trials, but not in the LF trial. Insulin concentrations decreased ( < .05) during the CHO-restricted trial and tended ( = .05) to decrease during the LF trial. Total cholesterol decreased ( < .05) for all trials; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased ( < .05) and triacylglycerols were higher ( < .05) following the LF trial. Taken together, energy restriction regardless of diet composition promoted similar weight loss; however, CHO-restricted diets based on either plants/mushrooms or animal foods elicited a more beneficial lipid-altering effect in comparison with the LF diet.
一些研究支持高脂肪碳水化合物（CHO）限制饮食，以实现体重和脂肪减少，并改善心血管疾病风险因素。为了验证这一点，设计了一项随机交叉研究。研究对象（17 名肥胖男女[BMI：30-38kg/m]）接受三种饮食（女性和男性分别提供 1600 和 2200 千卡/天），每种饮食持续 4 周，每个试验之间有 4 周的洗脱期。一种 CHO 限制饮食（10%CHO、50%脂肪和 40%蛋白质含量）富含植物性食物和蘑菇，而另一种 CHO 限制饮食包括更多的动物性食物（10%CHO、60%脂肪和 30%蛋白质含量）。第三种饮食的脂肪和蛋白质含量较低（LF），CHO 含量较高（61%CHO、21%脂肪和 18%蛋白质含量）。在每个饮食试验前后，通过静水称重评估身体成分。每周采集空腹血样进行激素和脂质分析。数据通过重复测量方差分析进行分析，并进行配对比较检验。体重和脂肪减少在各试验中相似（>0.05）。在 CHO 限制试验中，研究对象丢失了瘦体重（<0.05），但在 LF 试验中没有。胰岛素浓度在 CHO 限制试验中降低（<0.05），在 LF 试验中趋于降低（=0.05）。所有试验中总胆固醇降低（<0.05）；然而，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（<0.05），三酰甘油升高（<0.05），LF 试验后。总之，无论饮食组成如何，能量限制都能促进相似的体重减轻；然而，基于植物/蘑菇或动物食物的 CHO 限制饮食与 LF 饮食相比，更能产生有益的脂质改变作用。
