ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:660-665. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.012. Epub 2020 Feb 29.
Cardiometabolic disease is a leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality globally. There is considerable evidence that childhood adversity is associated with markers of cardiometabolic disease risk in childhood, including obesity, blood pressure trajectories, and chronic inflammation. Experiences of racial discrimination may be an important, yet under explored, form of childhood adversity influencing childhood cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to examine associations between self-reported racial discrimination and cardiometabolic risk markers among children. A total of 124 children (73 female) aged 11.4 years (SD 0.71) participated in the study. Most children (n = 79) identified as being from an Indigenous or an ethnic minority background. Markers of cardiometabolic risk were BMI, waist circumference, weight height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and five inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). Results showed that two or more reported experiences of racial discrimination were associated with increased BMI z-score (Beta 0.58, 95% CI 0.18, 0.99), waist circumference (Beta 4.91 cm, 95% CI 0.71, 9.1), systolic blood pressure (Beta 2.07 mmHg, 95% CI 0.43, 3.71) and IL-6 (Beta 0.13, 95% CI 0.00, 0.27) and marginally associated with TNF-α (Beta 0.22, 95% CI -0.09, 0.54) after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. Findings from this study suggest the need to address racism and racial discrimination as important social determinants of cardiometabolic risk and of the inequitable burden of cardiometabolic disease experienced by those from Indigenous and minoritized ethnic backgrounds.
心血管代谢疾病是全球成年人发病率和死亡率的主要原因。有大量证据表明，儿童时期的逆境经历与心血管代谢疾病风险的标志物有关，包括肥胖、血压轨迹和慢性炎症。种族歧视经历可能是影响儿童心血管代谢风险的一种重要但尚未得到充分探索的儿童逆境形式。本研究旨在探讨儿童自我报告的种族歧视与心血管代谢风险标志物之间的关联。共有 124 名儿童（73 名女性）参与了这项研究，年龄为 11.4 岁（SD=0.71）。大多数儿童（n=79）表示自己来自原住民或少数民族背景。心血管代谢风险的标志物包括 BMI、腰围、体重身高比、收缩压和舒张压以及五种炎症标志物（C 反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-8 和 TNF-α）。结果表明，报告两次或更多次种族歧视经历与 BMI 得分增加（Beta 0.58，95%置信区间 0.18，0.99）、腰围增加（Beta 4.91cm，95%置信区间 0.71，9.1）、收缩压增加（Beta 2.07mmHg，95%置信区间 0.43，3.71）和 IL-6 增加（Beta 0.13，95%置信区间 0.00，0.27）有关，且与 TNF-α （Beta 0.22，95%置信区间-0.09，0.54）呈边缘相关，调整社会人口学协变量后。本研究结果表明，需要将种族主义和种族歧视作为心血管代谢风险的重要社会决定因素，以及原住民和少数民族背景人群所经历的心血管代谢疾病的不平等负担加以解决。
