Competence Centre for Epidemiology and Health Services Research for Healthcare Professionals (CVcare), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Public Health and Hazardous Substances, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services, 22089 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 28;17(5):1564. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051564.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of fatal infections worldwide. Recent TB figures in Europe indicate that 30 people were infected with tuberculosis each hour in 2017. Healthcare workers are at particular risk of being infected through patient contact. TB is the second most common occupational infectious disease among German healthcare workers. Routine data from the German Social Accident Insurance were used to examine trends in occupational TB diseases. We analyzed annual cross-sectional data for the years 2002 to 2017. The data underwent descriptive analysis. A total of 4653 TB cases were recognized as occupational diseases (OD) in the period under study. In 2002, 60 TB cases were recognized as OD No. 3101, i.e., transmissions from person to person. Since 2013, the level has settled at around 500 recognized cases per year. This is around eight times the number of cases compared to 2002. The following three groups collectively accounted for the largest share of TB cases (88.5%): nurses (including geriatric nurses), other healthcare employees, and physicians. The upward trend in the number of TB cases recognized as occupational diseases is probably due to improvements in diagnostic tests used to diagnose TB infections. TB in health and welfare workers remains an important issue in the health and welfare sector in Germany, partly due to the long latency period between potential exposure to infectious patients or materials and the recognition of the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or active TB as OD.
结核病（TB）是全球最常见的致命感染病因。欧洲最近的结核病数据显示，2017 年每小时有 30 人感染结核病。医护人员因与患者接触而面临特别感染的风险。结核病是德国医护人员中第二常见的职业性传染病。德国社会保险的常规数据被用于研究职业性结核病疾病的趋势。我们分析了 2002 年至 2017 年的年度横断面数据。数据经过描述性分析。在研究期间，共有 4653 例结核病病例被确认为职业病（OD）。2002 年，有 60 例结核病病例被确认为第 3101 号 OD，即人与人之间的传播。自 2013 年以来，每年的水平稳定在 500 例左右。这大约是 2002 年的八倍。以下三个群体共同占结核病病例的最大份额（88.5%）：护士（包括老年护士）、其他医护人员和医生。被确认为职业性结核病病例的数量呈上升趋势，可能是由于用于诊断结核病感染的诊断测试有所改进。卫生和福利工作者中的结核病仍然是德国卫生和福利部门的一个重要问题，部分原因是潜在接触传染性患者或材料与潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）或活动性结核病被确认为 OD 之间存在较长的潜伏期。
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