Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Rev Genet. 2020 Jun;21(6):355-366. doi: 10.1038/s41576-020-0218-z. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
In the field of human history, ancient DNA has provided answers to long-standing debates about major movements of people and has begun to inform on other important facets of the human experience. The field is now moving from mostly large-scale supraregional studies to a more local perspective, shedding light on socioeconomic processes, inheritance rules, marriage practices and technological diffusion. In this Review, we summarize recent studies showcasing these types of insights, focusing on methods used to infer sociocultural aspects of human behaviour. This approach often involves working across disciplines - such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and genetics - that have until recently evolved in separation. Multidisciplinary dialogue is important for an integrated reconstruction of human history, which can yield extraordinary insights about past societies, reproductive behaviours and even lifestyle habits that would not be possible to obtain otherwise.
在人类历史领域，古 DNA 为解决有关人类主要迁徙活动的长期争论提供了答案，并开始为人类经历的其他重要方面提供信息。该领域现在正从以大规模超区域研究为主转向更注重本地视角，揭示了社会经济进程、继承规则、婚姻习俗和技术传播等方面的内容。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近展示这些类型见解的研究，重点介绍了用于推断人类行为社会文化方面的方法。这种方法通常涉及跨越学科的工作，如人类学、考古学、语言学和遗传学，这些学科直到最近才分离开来。多学科对话对于综合重建人类历史非常重要，这可以对过去的社会、生殖行为甚至生活方式习惯产生非凡的见解，否则这些见解是不可能获得的。
