Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany,
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany; Ghent University, Department of Archaeology, Belgium; Durham University, Department of Archaeology, UK; Bordeaux University, PACEA, France.
J Anthropol Sci. 2022 Dec 30;100:193-230. doi: 10.4436/JASS.10017.
Ancient DNA (aDNA) studies have deployed genetic material from archaeological contexts to investigate human dispersals and interactions, corroborating some longstanding hypotheses and revealing new aspects of human history. After drawing the broad genomic strokes of human history, geneticists have discovered the exciting possibilities of applying this method to answer questions on a smaller scale. This review provides an overview of the commonly used methods, both in the laboratory and the analyses, and summarizes the current state of genomic research. It reviews human dispersals across the continents and additionally highlights some studies that integrated genomics to answer questions beyond biology to understand the cultural and societal traits of past societies. By shining a light from multiple angles, we gain a much better understanding of the real shape of the human past.
古 DNA（aDNA）研究利用考古背景下的遗传物质来研究人类的迁徙和互动，证实了一些长期存在的假说，并揭示了人类历史的新方面。在描绘了人类历史的大致轮廓之后，遗传学家发现了将这种方法应用于回答更小规模问题的令人兴奋的可能性。本文综述了实验室和分析中常用的方法，并总结了基因组学研究的现状。它回顾了人类在各大洲的迁徙，并特别强调了一些将基因组学整合起来回答超越生物学的问题的研究，以了解过去社会的文化和社会特征。通过从多个角度进行观察，我们可以更好地理解人类过去的真实面貌。
