Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 May;100:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.060. Epub 2020 Mar 1.
In most breeding schemes, fish are cultured in enclosed spaces, which greatly increases the risk of outbreaks where the onset of infectious diseases can cause massive mortality and enormous economic losses. Vaccination is the most effective and long-term measure for improving the basic make-up of a fish farm. As the relationship between antibody and antigen is similar to that between screw and nut, similarity in the shape or nature of the vaccine antigen to the original pathogen is important for achieving a satisfactory/good/excellent antibody response with a vaccine. Virus-like particles (VLPs) best fulfil this requirement as their tertiary structure mimics that of the native virus. For this reason, VLPs have been attracting attention as next-generation vaccines for humans and animals, and the effects of various types of VLP vaccines on humans and livestock have been examined. Recent studies of VLP-based fish vaccines indicate that these vaccines are promising, and raise hopes of extending their use in the near future. In this review, the structural properties and immunogenicity of VLP-based vaccines against fish viruses such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), salmonid alphavirus (SAV), nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and iridovirus are introduced/summarized. The NNV VLP vaccine is the most-studied VLP-based vaccine against fish viruses. Therefore, the current status of NNV VLP research is highlighted in this review, which deals with the advantages of using VLPs as vaccines, and the expression systems for producing them. Moreover, the need for lyophilized VLPs and oral VLP delivery is discussed. Finally, future directions for the development of VLP vaccines in the fish vaccine field are considered.
在大多数养殖计划中，鱼类都是在封闭的空间中养殖的，这大大增加了传染病爆发的风险，传染病的爆发可能导致大量死亡和巨大的经济损失。疫苗接种是改善鱼类养殖场基本构成的最有效和长期的措施。由于抗体与抗原的关系类似于螺丝与螺母的关系，疫苗抗原与原始病原体在形状或性质上的相似性对于实现疫苗的令人满意/良好/优异的抗体反应非常重要。病毒样颗粒 (VLPs) 最能满足这一要求，因为它们的三级结构模拟了天然病毒的结构。出于这个原因，VLPs 作为人类和动物的下一代疫苗引起了人们的关注，并且已经检查了各种类型的 VLP 疫苗对人类和牲畜的影响。基于 VLP 的鱼类疫苗的最近研究表明，这些疫苗很有前途，并有望在不久的将来扩大其应用。在这篇综述中，介绍/总结了基于 VLP 的疫苗对鱼类病毒（如传染性胰脏坏死病毒 (IPNV)、鲑鱼甲型病毒 (SAV)、神经坏死病毒 (NNV) 和虹彩病毒）的结构特性和免疫原性。NNV VLP 疫苗是研究最多的基于 VLP 的鱼类病毒疫苗。因此，本文重点介绍了 NNV VLP 研究的现状，讨论了使用 VLPs 作为疫苗的优势，以及生产它们的表达系统。此外，还讨论了冻干 VLPs 和口服 VLP 传递的必要性。最后，考虑了在鱼类疫苗领域开发 VLP 疫苗的未来方向。
