Hopo Mai G, Mabrok Mahmoud, Abu-Elala Nermeen, Yu Yongyao
College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Nov 27;13(12):980. doi: 10.3390/biology13120980.
The growing role of aquaculture in global food security has underscored the need for advanced immunological insights to protect fish health and boost productivity. As aquaculture's importance rises, understanding fish immunity is crucial for developing effective vaccination strategies. Fish possess a specialized immune system with unique mucosal structures that enable resilience in aquatic environments. This review examines critical advances in fish mucosal immunity, particularly focusing on mucosal vaccines that target infection at primary entry points, such as the gills, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal vaccination has demonstrated a compelling capacity to stimulate localized and systemic immune responses, offering enhanced protection against waterborne pathogens. Additionally, this review addresses knowledge gaps from previous research on the global aquaculture vaccines market by offering a regional perspective on industry developments, recent trends, and innovative vaccine formulations. In doing so, it highlights the role of mucosal vaccines in overcoming the specific challenges of fish farming and supporting sustainable aquaculture. This synthesis of current methodologies, industry practices, and future directions contributes to a deeper understanding of fish immunology, ultimately informing strategies to achieve optimal disease management and bolster global aquaculture resilience.
水产养殖在全球粮食安全中日益重要的作用凸显了深入了解免疫学以保护鱼类健康和提高生产力的必要性。随着水产养殖重要性的提升，了解鱼类免疫对于制定有效的疫苗接种策略至关重要。鱼类拥有一个具有独特黏膜结构的专门免疫系统，使其能够在水生环境中保持抵抗力。本综述探讨了鱼类黏膜免疫的关键进展，特别关注针对鳃、皮肤和胃肠道等主要感染入口点的黏膜疫苗。黏膜疫苗已显示出刺激局部和全身免疫反应的强大能力，能增强对水生病原体的保护。此外，本综述通过提供有关行业发展、近期趋势和创新疫苗配方的区域视角，弥补了先前关于全球水产养殖疫苗市场研究中的知识空白。这样做突出了黏膜疫苗在克服养鱼业特定挑战和支持可持续水产养殖方面的作用。对当前方法、行业实践和未来方向的综合阐述有助于更深入地理解鱼类免疫学，最终为实现最佳疾病管理和增强全球水产养殖恢复力的策略提供信息。
