State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 10;13:1040336. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040336. eCollection 2022.
Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture's sustainable and healthy growth. The aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening water quality and increasing frequency of aquatic disease outbreaks caused by the expansion of aquaculture. Drug control, immunoprophylaxis, ecologically integrated control, etc. are the principal control strategies for fish infections. For a long time, the prevention and control of aquatic diseases have mainly relied on the use of various antibiotics and chemical drugs. However, long-term use of chemical inputs not only increases pathogenic bacteria resistance but also damages the fish and aquaculture environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely impeding the development of the aquaculture industry. The development and use of aquatic vaccines are the safest and most effective ways to prevent aquatic animal diseases and preserve the health and sustainability of aquaculture. To give references for the development and implementation of aquatic vaccines, this study reviews the development history, types, inoculation techniques, mechanisms of action, development prospects, and challenges encountered with aquatic vaccines.
疾病是水产养殖可持续健康发展的重大障碍。由于水产养殖的扩张导致水质恶化和水生动物疾病爆发频率增加，水产养殖业遭受了重大的经济损失。药物控制、免疫预防、生态综合防治等是鱼类感染的主要防治策略。长期以来，水生动物疾病的防治主要依赖于各种抗生素和化学药物的使用。然而，长期使用化学投入不仅会增加病原菌的耐药性，还会损害鱼类和水产养殖环境，导致水产品中的药物残留，严重阻碍了水产养殖业的发展。开发和使用水产疫苗是预防水生动物疾病和保护水产养殖健康和可持续性的最安全、最有效的方法。为了为水产疫苗的开发和实施提供参考，本研究回顾了水产疫苗的发展历史、类型、接种技术、作用机制、发展前景以及所面临的挑战。
