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国家质量改进计划对中国 ICU 的影响:586 家医院的对照前后队列研究。

Effects of a national quality improvement program on ICUs in China: a controlled pre-post cohort study in 586 hospitals.

机构信息

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.

Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100044, China.

出版信息

Crit Care. 2020 Mar 4;24(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2790-1.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Patient safety and critical care quality remain a challenging issue in the ICU. However, the effects of the national quality improvement (QI) program remain unknown in China.

METHODS

A national ICU QI program was implemented in a controlled cohort of 586 hospitals from 2016 to 2018. The effects of the QI program on critical care quality were comprehensively investigated.

MAIN RESULTS

A total of 81,461,554 patients were enrolled in 586 hospitals, and 1,587,724 patients were admitted to the ICU over 3 years. In 2018, there was a significantly higher number of ICU beds (2016 vs. 2018: 10668 vs. 13,661, P = 0.0132) but a lower doctor-to-bed ratio (2016 vs. 2018: 0.64 (0.50, 0.83) vs. 0.60 (0.45, 0.75), P = 0.0016) and nurse-to-bed ratio (2016 vs. 2018: 2.00 (1.64, 2.50) vs. 2.00 (1.50, 2.40), P = 0.031) than in 2016. Continuous and significant improvements in the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence rate, microbiology detection rate before antibiotic use and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis rate were associated with the implementation of the QI program (VAP incidence rate (per 1000 ventilator-days), 2016 vs. 2017 vs. 2018: 11.06 (4.23, 22.70) vs. 10.20 (4.25, 23.94) vs. 8.05 (3.13, 17.37), P = 0.0002; microbiology detection rate before antibiotic use (%), 2016 vs. 2017 vs. 2018: 83.91 (49.75, 97.87) vs. 84.14 (60.46, 97.24) vs. 90.00 (69.62, 100), P < 0.0001; DVT prophylaxis rate, 2016 vs. 2017 vs. 2018: 74.19 (33.47, 96.16) vs. 71.70 (38.05, 96.28) vs. 83.27 (47.36, 97.77), P = 0.0093). Moreover, the 6-h SSC bundle compliance rates in 2018 were significantly higher than those in 2016 (6-h SSC bundle compliance rate, 2016 vs. 2018: 64.93 (33.55, 93.06) vs. 76.19 (46.88, 96.67)). A significant change trend was not found in the ICU mortality rate from 2016 to 2018 (ICU mortality rate (%), 2016 vs. 2017 vs. 2018: 8.49 (4.42, 14.82) vs. 8.95 (4.89, 15.70) vs. 9.05 (5.12, 15.80), P = 0.1075).

CONCLUSIONS

The relationship between medical human resources and ICU overexpansion was mismatched during the past 3 years. The implementation of a national QI program improved ICU performance but did not reduce ICU mortality.

摘要

简介

患者安全和重症监护质量仍然是 ICU 面临的一个具有挑战性的问题。然而,中国国家质量改进(QI)计划的效果仍不清楚。

方法

2016 年至 2018 年,在一个对照队列的 586 家医院中实施了一项国家 ICU QI 计划。全面调查了 QI 计划对重症监护质量的影响。

主要结果

586 家医院共收治 81461554 名患者,3 年内有 1587724 名患者入住 ICU。2018 年,ICU 床位数量明显增加(2016 年 vs. 2018 年:10668 张 vs. 13661 张,P = 0.0132),但医生与床位比(2016 年 vs. 2018 年:0.64(0.50,0.83) vs. 0.60(0.45,0.75),P = 0.0016)和护士与床位比(2016 年 vs. 2018 年:2.00(1.64,2.50) vs. 2.00(1.50,2.40),P = 0.031)均低于 2016 年。呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发病率、抗生素使用前微生物学检测率和深静脉血栓(DVT)预防率的持续显著改善与 QI 计划的实施有关(VAP 发病率(每 1000 次呼吸机使用天数),2016 年 vs. 2017 年 vs. 2018 年:11.06(4.23,22.70) vs. 10.20(4.25,23.94) vs. 8.05(3.13,17.37),P = 0.0002;抗生素使用前微生物学检测率(%),2016 年 vs. 2017 年 vs. 2018 年:83.91(49.75,97.87) vs. 84.14(60.46,97.24) vs. 90.00(69.62,100),P < 0.0001;DVT 预防率,2016 年 vs. 2017 年 vs. 2018 年:74.19(33.47,96.16) vs. 71.70(38.05,96.28) vs. 83.27(47.36,97.77),P = 0.0093)。此外,2018 年 6 小时 SSC 捆绑包依从率明显高于 2016 年(6 小时 SSC 捆绑包依从率,2016 年 vs. 2018 年:64.93(33.55,93.06) vs. 76.19(46.88,96.67))。2016 年至 2018 年,ICU 死亡率未发现明显变化趋势(ICU 死亡率(%),2016 年 vs. 2017 年 vs. 2018 年:8.49(4.42,14.82) vs. 8.95(4.89,15.70) vs. 9.05(5.12,15.80),P = 0.1075)。

结论

过去 3 年,医疗人力资源与 ICU 过度扩张之间的关系不匹配。国家 QI 计划的实施提高了 ICU 的绩效,但并未降低 ICU 死亡率。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9c46/7057512/d9daf2a66db0/13054_2020_2790_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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