Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1529-1534. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa052.
Cognitive dysfunction is common in older adults, particularly in those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Higher adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with better brain health. However, it is unclear if adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) is associated with cognition or brain structure in older adults.
The aims of this study were to 1) examine the relation between adherence to the ADG, cognition, and brain MRI and 2) determine whether T2D modifies any associations.
The Cognition and Diabetes in Older Tasmanians Study is a cross-sectional study in 688 people (n = 343 with T2D) aged 55-90 y. A validated 80-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Adherence to the 2013 ADG was estimated using the Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI). Cognitive function in multiple domains was assessed with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and brain structure with MRI. Multivariable linear models were used to assess the associations between DGI, cognitive z scores, and brain structure. Effect modification for T2D was examined with a DGI × T2D product term.
The mean age of the sample was 69.9 y (SD: 7.4 y), with 57.1% men. The mean DGI was 54.8 (SD: 10.7; range: 24.1-84.6). No associations were observed between the Australian DGI and cognition or brain MRI measures. T2D did not modify any associations (P > 0.05).
This is the first study to investigate associations between adherence to the ADG and brain health in the older adults with and without T2D. Future prospective studies are required to clarify if there are long-term associations.
认知功能障碍在老年人中很常见，尤其是 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者。更高程度地遵循《美国人膳食指南》与更好的大脑健康相关。然而，尚不清楚澳大利亚膳食指南（ADG）的遵循情况是否与老年人的认知或大脑结构有关。
本研究的目的是 1）检查 ADG 遵循情况与认知和大脑 MRI 之间的关系，2）确定 T2D 是否会改变任何关联。
认知与老年塔斯马尼亚人糖尿病研究是一项针对 688 名 55-90 岁人群（n=343 名患有 T2D）的横断面研究。使用经过验证的 80 项食物频率问卷来评估饮食摄入情况。使用膳食指南指数（DGI）来评估对 2013 年 ADG 的遵循情况。使用综合神经心理学测试评估认知功能的多个领域，并使用 MRI 评估大脑结构。多变量线性模型用于评估 DGI、认知 z 分数和大脑结构之间的关联。使用 DGI×T2D 乘积项检查 T2D 的效应修饰。
样本的平均年龄为 69.9 岁（SD：7.4 岁），其中 57.1%为男性。DGI 的平均值为 54.8（SD：10.7；范围：24.1-84.6）。未观察到澳大利亚 DGI 与认知或大脑 MRI 测量值之间存在关联。T2D 没有改变任何关联（P＞0.05）。
这是第一项研究 2 型糖尿病和非 2 型糖尿病老年人中 ADG 遵循情况与大脑健康之间关联的研究。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来阐明是否存在长期关联。
