(1)Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
(2)Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 May;121(5):915-924.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.11.004. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
An inflammatory diet is related to poorer cognition, but the underlying brain pathways are unknown.
The aim of this study was to examine associations between the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and brain volume, small vessel disease, and cognition in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from the Cognition and Diabetes in Older Tasmanians study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: This study included 641 participants (n = 326 with T2DM) enrolled between 2005 and 2011 from Tasmania, Australia.
The E-DII was computed from the 80-item Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies, version 2. Brain volumes (gray matter, white matter, and white matter hyperintensities), infarcts, and microbleeds were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging. Global cognition was derived from a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests.
Logistic and linear regressions were performed to examine associations between E-DII and brain measures and a global cognitive score, adjusting for demographics, energy, T2DM, mood, ambulatory activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. An E-DII × T2DM interaction term was tested in each model.
The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 69.8 (7.4) years. There were no associations between the E-DII and any of the brain structural measures or global cognitive function in fully adjusted models. There was a modification effect for T2DM on the association between E-DII and gray matter volume (T2DM: β = 1.38, 95% CI -3.03 to 5.79; without T2DM: β = -4.34, 95% CI, -8.52 to -0.16), but not with any of the other outcome measures.
In this cross-sectional study, E-DII was not associated with brain structure or global cognition. In 1 of the 7 outcomes, a significant modification effect for T2DM was found for the associations between E-DII and gray matter. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify the associations between diet-related inflammation and brain health.
炎症饮食与认知能力下降有关，但潜在的大脑途径尚不清楚。
本研究旨在探讨能量调整后的饮食炎症指数（E-DII）与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者和非 T2DM 患者的脑体积、小血管疾病和认知之间的关系。
这是对澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚认知和糖尿病老年人群研究中数据的二次横断面分析。
参与者/设置：这项研究包括 2005 年至 2011 年间从澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚招募的 641 名参与者（n=326 名患有 T2DM）。
E-DII 是从 80 项饮食问卷中计算出来的，该问卷用于流行病学研究，第 2 版。脑容量（灰质、白质和白质高信号）、梗死和微出血通过磁共振成像获得。整体认知能力来自一系列全面的神经心理学测试。
使用逻辑和线性回归来检验 E-DII 与大脑测量值和整体认知评分之间的关系，调整人口统计学、能量、T2DM、情绪、活动水平和心血管危险因素。在每个模型中都测试了 E-DII×T2DM 交互项。
参与者的平均（标准差）年龄为 69.8（7.4）岁。在完全调整的模型中，E-DII 与任何脑结构测量值或整体认知功能均无关联。E-DII 与灰质体积之间的关联存在 T2DM 的修饰作用（T2DM：β=1.38，95%CI -3.03 至 5.79；无 T2DM：β=-4.34，95%CI -8.52 至 -0.16），但与其他任何结果测量值均无关联。
在这项横断面研究中，E-DII 与脑结构或整体认知能力无关。在 7 项结果中的 1 项中，E-DII 与灰质之间的关联存在 T2DM 的显著修饰作用。需要进一步进行前瞻性研究来阐明饮食相关炎症与大脑健康之间的关系。
