美国多个种族/族裔群体的饮食质量差异，来自生活在美国的南亚人动脉粥样硬化的中介物研究（MASALA）和动脉粥样硬化多民族研究（MESA）。
Differences in Diet Quality among Multiple US Racial/Ethnic Groups from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1509-1515. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa050.
BACKGROUND
Diet quality is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the diet quality of South Asians in the United States, a group with higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other racial/ethnic groups.
OBJECTIVE
This study determined whether diet quality differs between South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and whites, Chinese Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
METHODS
Cross-sectional data from 3926 participants free of CVD from MESA visit 5 (2010-2011) and 889 South Asian participants from MASALA visit 1 (2010-2013) were pooled. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) derived using FFQs. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to compare mean differences in diet quality between the racial/ethnic groups.
RESULTS
MESA participants were, on average, 14 y older than MASALA participants. The adjusted mean (95% CI) scores for the AHEI-2010 were 70.2 (69.5, 70.9) among South Asians, 66.2 (66.3, 68.2) among Chinese Americans, 61.1 (60.7, 61.6) among whites, 59.0 (58.4, 59.7) among Hispanics, and 57.5 (56.9, 58.1) among African Americans. The mean AHEI scores among South Asians were 3.1 (1.8, 4.3), 9.2 (8.3, 10.1), 11.2 (10.2, 12.3), and 12.8 (11.8, 13.7) points higher compared with Chinese Americans, whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
South Asian adults in the United States have a higher diet quality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. This paradoxical finding is not consistent with the observed higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other groups. This is further evidence of the importance of studying the South Asian population to better understand the causes of chronic disease not explained by diet quality.
背景
饮食质量是 2 型糖尿病（T2D）和心血管疾病（CVD）的一个重要风险因素。在美国，南亚人饮食质量的信息知之甚少，与其他种族/族裔群体相比，南亚人 T2D 和 CVD 的发病率更高。
目的
本研究旨在确定美国南亚成年人的饮食质量是否与美加大动脉粥样硬化多族裔研究（MESA）中的白人、美国华裔、非裔美国人和西班牙裔人群以及南亚人动脉粥样硬化的介体研究（MASALA）中的南亚成年人存在差异。
方法
将来自 MESA 第 5 次访视（2010-2011 年）的 3926 名无 CVD 的参与者和来自 MASALA 第 1 次访视（2010-2013 年）的 889 名南亚参与者的横断面数据进行合并。使用来自 FFQ 的替代健康饮食指数（AHEI-2010）评估饮食质量。使用多变量线性回归模型，根据年龄、性别和总能量摄入调整模型，比较不同种族/族裔人群之间饮食质量的平均差异。
结果
MESA 参与者的平均年龄比 MASALA 参与者大 14 岁。AHEI-2010 的调整后平均（95%CI）得分在南亚人群中为 70.2（69.5，70.9），在美国华裔人群中为 66.2（66.3，68.2），在白人群体中为 61.1（60.7，61.6），在西班牙裔人群中为 59.0（58.4，59.7），在非裔美国人中为 57.5（56.9，58.1）。与美国华裔、白种人、西班牙裔和非裔美国人相比，南亚人的平均 AHEI 得分分别高出 3.1（1.8，4.3）、9.2（8.3，10.1）、11.2（10.2，12.3）和 12.8（11.8，13.7）分。
结论
与其他种族/族裔群体相比，美国南亚成年人的饮食质量更高。这一矛盾的发现与其他人群相比 T2D 和 CVD 发病率较高的情况并不一致。这进一步证明了研究南亚人群的重要性，以便更好地了解不能用饮食质量解释的慢性疾病的病因。
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