Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020 Jun;35(3):305-313. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X20000291. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
The use of triage systems is one of the most important measures in response to mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) caused by emergencies and disasters. In these systems, certain principles and criteria must be considered that can be achieved with a lack of resources. Accordingly, the present study was conducted as a systematic review to explore the principles of triage systems in emergencies and disasters world-wide.
The present study was conducted as a systematic review of the principles of triage in emergencies and disasters. All papers published from 2000 through 2019 were extracted from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. The search for the articles was conducted by two trained researchers independently.
The classification and prioritization of the injured people, the speed, and the accuracy of the performance were considered as the main principles of triage. In certain circumstances, including chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents, certain principles must be considered in addition to the principles of the triage based on traumatic events. Usually in triage systems, the classification of the injured people is done using color labeling. The short duration of the triage and its accuracy are important for the survival of the injured individuals. The optimal use of available resources to protect the lives of more casualties is one of the important principles of triage systems and does not conflict with equity in health.
The design of the principles of triage in triage systems is based on scientific studies and theories in which attempts have been made to correctly classify the injured people with the maximum correctness and in the least amount of time to maintain the survival of the injured people and to achieve the most desirable level of health. It is suggested that all countries adopt a suitable and context-bond model of triage in accordance with all these principles, or to propose a new model for the triage of injured patients, particularly for hospitals in emergencies and disasters.
在应对紧急情况和灾害造成的大规模伤亡事件（MCIs）时，分诊系统的使用是最重要的措施之一。在这些系统中，必须考虑某些原则和标准，而这些标准在资源匮乏的情况下是可以实现的。因此，本研究作为系统评价，旨在探索全球范围内紧急情况和灾害分诊系统的原则。
本研究作为紧急情况和灾害分诊原则的系统评价。从 Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆和 Google Scholar 数据库中提取了 2000 年至 2019 年发表的所有论文。两名经过培训的研究人员独立进行了文章检索。
对伤员的分类和优先排序、操作速度和准确性被认为是分诊的主要原则。在某些情况下，包括化学、生物、辐射和核（CBRN）事件，除了基于创伤事件的分诊原则外，还必须考虑某些原则。通常在分诊系统中，使用颜色标记对伤员进行分类。分诊的短时间和准确性对于伤员的生存至关重要。优化利用可用资源来保护更多伤员的生命是分诊系统的重要原则之一，且与卫生公平并不冲突。
分诊系统中分诊原则的设计基于科学研究和理论，旨在尝试正确地对伤员进行分类，以最大的正确性和最短的时间，以维持伤员的生存并实现最理想的健康水平。建议所有国家根据所有这些原则采用合适的、与背景相关的分诊模式，或为伤员分诊提出新的模式，特别是在紧急情况和灾害中的医院。
