Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO, United States.
Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO, United States.
Vitam Horm. 2020;113:291-312. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.015. Epub 2019 Sep 13.
Vasopressin is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. Secretion of vasopressin is followed by activation of its receptors V1a, V1b, and V2 throughout the body. Each receptor type is responsible for a specific function of vasopressin. For example, V1a receptor activation triggers vasoconstriction, V1b receptor is responsible for modulation of mood and behavior, and V2 receptor induces water reabsorption in the kidney. Vasopressin is known to regulate blood pressure, blood osmolality, and blood volume. The effects of V1a and V2 receptors can be amplified when vasopressin is secreted in excessive amounts, and this condition may be experienced by patients undergoing a disease or stress. In pathological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, liver disease, and other diseases, vasopressin can exacerbate brain edema. Oversecretion of vasopressin unleashes deleterious pathways leading to hyponatremia and brain edema. This book chapter describes important mechanisms and pathways linking vasopressin and brain edema triggered by various conditions.
血管升压素是一种由下丘脑产生并从垂体后叶释放的肽类激素。血管升压素的分泌会激活全身的 V1a、V1b 和 V2 受体。每种受体类型都负责血管升压素的特定功能。例如，V1a 受体的激活会引发血管收缩，V1b 受体负责调节情绪和行为，而 V2 受体则会诱导肾脏对水的重吸收。血管升压素已知可调节血压、血液渗透压和血容量。当血管升压素分泌过多时，V1a 和 V2 受体的作用会被放大，这种情况可能发生在患有疾病或压力的患者中。在中风、创伤性脑损伤、蛛网膜下腔出血、肝病和其他疾病等病理条件下，血管升压素会加重脑水肿。血管升压素的过度分泌会引发导致低钠血症和脑水肿的有害途径。本章描述了由各种条件引发的与血管升压素和脑水肿相关的重要机制和途径。
