Dong Zhen, Gao Xiang, Chinchilli Vernon M, Sinha Raghu, Muscat Joshua, Winkels Renate M, Richie John P
Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Feb 3;19:100248. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.100248. eCollection 2020 Feb.
An average adult American consumes sulfur amino acids (SAA) at levels far above the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and recent preclinical data suggest that higher levels of SAA intake may be associated with a variety of aging-related chronic diseases. However, there are little data regarding the relationship between SAA intake and chronic disease risk in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between consumption of SAA and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
The sample included 11,576 adult participants of the Third National Examination and Nutritional Health Survey (NHANES III) Study (1988-1994). The primary outcome was cardiometabolic disease risk score (composite risk factor based on blood cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and eGFR). Group differences in risk score by quintiles of energy-adjusted total SAA, methionine (Met), and cysteine (Cys) intake were determined by multiple linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, and dietary factors. We further examined for associations between SAA intake and individual risk factors.
Mean SAA consumption was > 2.5-fold higher than the EAR. After multivariable adjustment, higher intake of SAA, Met, and Cys were associated with significant increases in composite cardiometabolic disease risk scores, independent of protein intake, and with several individual risk factors including serum cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, BUN, and insulin and glycated hemoglobin ( < 0.01).
Overall, our findings suggest that diets lower in SAA (close to the EAR) are associated with reduced risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Low SAA dietary patterns rely on plant-derived protein sources over meat derived foods. Given the high intake of SAA among most adults, our findings may have important public health implications for chronic disease prevention.
This study does not have any funding.
美国成年人均硫氨基酸（SAA）摄入量远高于估计平均需求量（EAR），近期临床前数据表明，较高水平的SAA摄入可能与多种衰老相关的慢性疾病有关。然而，关于人类SAA摄入量与慢性病风险之间的关系，数据较少。本研究的目的是探讨SAA摄入量与心脏代谢疾病风险因素之间的关联。
样本包括第三次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III，1988 - 1994年）的11576名成年参与者。主要结局是心脏代谢疾病风险评分（基于血胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、C反应蛋白（CRP）、尿酸、血糖、血尿素氮（BUN）、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的综合风险因素）。在调整年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒和饮食因素后，通过多元线性回归确定能量调整后的总SAA、蛋氨酸（Met）和半胱氨酸（Cys）摄入量五分位数组间的风险评分差异。我们进一步研究了SAA摄入量与个体风险因素之间的关联。
SAA平均摄入量比EAR高2.5倍以上。多变量调整后，较高的SAA、Met和Cys摄入量与综合心脏代谢疾病风险评分显著增加相关，独立于蛋白质摄入量，并且与包括血清胆固醇、血糖、尿酸、BUN、胰岛素和糖化血红蛋白在内的几个个体风险因素相关（P<0.01）。
总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，SAA含量较低（接近EAR）的饮食与心脏代谢疾病风险降低相关。低SAA饮食模式依赖植物性蛋白质来源而非肉类食物。鉴于大多数成年人SAA摄入量较高，我们的研究结果可能对慢性病预防具有重要的公共卫生意义。
本研究无任何资金支持。
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