Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020 Aug;93(6):747-764. doi: 10.1007/s00420-020-01530-9. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Previous studies have shown that high workload affects health negatively. However, studies are lacking among home care workers. The aim of this study is to examine the burden of perceived workload on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among home care workers and to determine whether psychosocial factors modify such a relationship.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 1162 (58% response rate) home care workers participated. The psychosocial factors were measured by QPSnordic. HRQoL was measured by EuroQol 5 dimensions, from which responses were translated into quality-adjusted life year scores (QALY). Propensity scores were used with absolute risk differences (RD). Stratified analysis was used to test the buffer hypothesis of the demand-control-support model.
Personnel with a high workload had a statistically significant 0.035 lower QALY than personnel with a normal workload. This difference was also statistically significant for the Visual Analogue Scale (RD 5.0) and the mobility (RD 0.033) and anxiety/depression scales (RD 0.20) dimensions of EQ-5D. For QALY, the effect of a high workload compared to a normal workload was higher, with low (RD 0.045, significant) compared with high (RD 0.015, non-significant) social support; while it was similar, and non-significant results, for low and high control.
Our study shows that lowered work burden would be beneficial for home care personnel. Furthermore, our results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing social support could reduce work-related illness.
先前的研究表明，高工作量会对健康产生负面影响。然而，针对家庭护理人员的研究还很缺乏。本研究旨在考察家庭护理人员感知工作量对健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的负担，并确定心理社会因素是否会改变这种关系。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，共纳入 1162 名（58%的回应率）家庭护理人员。心理社会因素通过 QPSnordic 进行测量。HRQoL 通过 EuroQol 5 维度进行测量，其中的回答被转化为质量调整生命年分数（QALY）。使用倾向评分进行绝对风险差异（RD）分析。分层分析用于检验需求控制支持模型的缓冲假设。
工作量高的人员比工作量正常的人员的 QALY 低 0.035，具有统计学意义。这一差异在视觉模拟量表（RD 5.0）、移动能力（RD 0.033）和 EQ-5D 的焦虑/抑郁量表（RD 0.20）维度上也具有统计学意义。与正常工作量相比，高工作量对 QALY 的影响更大，低（RD 0.045，有统计学意义）社会支持的影响高于高（RD 0.015，无统计学意义）社会支持；而低和高控制的影响相似，且无统计学意义。
我们的研究表明，降低工作负担对家庭护理人员有益。此外，我们的结果表明，旨在增加社会支持的干预措施可能会减少与工作相关的疾病。
