Schmitz Tobias, Jannasch Maren, Weigel Tobias, Moseke Claus, Gbureck Uwe, Groll Jürgen, Walles Heike, Hansmann Jan
Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Mar 4;13(5):1142. doi: 10.3390/ma13051142.
Implants elicit an immunological response after implantation that results in the worst case in a complete implant rejection. This biomaterial-induced inflammation is modulated by macrophages and can be influenced by nanotopographical surface structures such as titania nanotubes or fractal titanium nitride (TiN) surfaces. However, their specific impact on a distinct macrophage phenotype has not been identified. By using two different levels of nanostructures and smooth samples as controls, the influence of tubular TiO and fractal TiN nanostructures on primary human macrophages with M1 or M2-phenotype was investigated. Therefore, nanotopographical coatings were either, directly generated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by electrochemical anodization of titanium PVD coatings. The cellular response of macrophages was quantitatively assessed to demonstrate a difference in biocompatibility of nanotubes in respect to human M1 and M2-macrophages. Depending on the tube diameter of the nanotubular surfaces, low cell numbers and impaired cellular activity, was detected for M2-macrophages, whereas the impact of nanotubes on M1-polarized macrophages was negligible. Importantly, we could confirm this phenotypic response on the fractal TiN surfaces. The results indicate that the investigated topographies specifically impact the macrophage M2-subtype that modulates the formation of the fibrotic capsule and the long-term response to an implant.
植入物在植入后会引发免疫反应，在最坏的情况下会导致植入物被完全排斥。这种生物材料诱导的炎症由巨噬细胞调节，并可能受到纳米拓扑表面结构的影响，如二氧化钛纳米管或分形氮化钛（TiN）表面。然而，它们对不同巨噬细胞表型的具体影响尚未明确。通过使用两种不同水平的纳米结构和平滑样品作为对照，研究了管状TiO和分形TiN纳米结构对具有M1或M2表型的原代人巨噬细胞的影响。因此，纳米拓扑涂层要么通过物理气相沉积（PVD）直接生成，要么通过对钛PVD涂层进行电化学阳极氧化生成。对巨噬细胞的细胞反应进行了定量评估，以证明纳米管在与人类M1和M2巨噬细胞相关的生物相容性方面存在差异。根据纳米管表面的管径，检测到M2巨噬细胞的细胞数量较少且细胞活性受损，而纳米管对M1极化巨噬细胞的影响可忽略不计。重要的是，我们可以在分形TiN表面证实这种表型反应。结果表明，所研究的拓扑结构对巨噬细胞M2亚型有特异性影响，该亚型调节纤维化包膜的形成以及对植入物的长期反应。
