Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2020 Aug;49(4):541-569. doi: 10.1007/s10936-020-09695-7.
The two studies reported in the article provide normative measures for 120 novel nominal metaphors, 120 novel similes, 120 literal sentences, and 120 anomalous utterances in Polish (Study 1) and in English (Study 2). The presented set is ideally suited to addressing methodological requirements in research on metaphor processing. The critical (sentence-final) words of each utterance were controlled for in terms of their frequency per million, number of letters and syllables. For each condition in each language, the following variables are reported: cloze probability, meaningfulness, metaphoricity, and familiarity, whose results confirm that the sentences are well-matched. Consequently, the present paper provides materials that can be employed in order to test the new as well as existing theories of metaphor comprehension. The results obtained from the series of normative tests showed the same pattern in both studies, where the comparison structure present in similes (i.e., A is like B) facilitated novel metaphor comprehension, as compared to categorical statements (i.e., A is B). It therefore indicates that comparison mechanisms might be engaged in novel meaning construction irrespectively of language-specific syntactic rules.
本文报道的两项研究提供了 120 个新的名词隐喻、120 个新的明喻、120 个字面句和 120 个异常话语在波兰语（研究 1）和英语（研究 2）中的规范测量。所呈现的集合非常适合解决隐喻处理研究中的方法学要求。每个话语的关键（句尾）词在其每百万频率、字母和音节数方面都得到了控制。对于每种语言的每种情况，都报告了以下变量： cloze 概率、意义、隐喻性和熟悉度，其结果证实句子匹配良好。因此，本文提供了可以用于测试新的和现有的隐喻理解理论的材料。从一系列规范测试中获得的结果在两项研究中呈现出相同的模式，即明喻中的比较结构（即 A 像 B）促进了新隐喻的理解，而与类别陈述（即 A 是 B）相比。因此，这表明比较机制可能会参与新的意义构建，而与语言特定的句法规则无关。
