Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh/Chapel Hill, NC USA
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;15(8):674-684. doi: 10.2174/1574888X15666200309143924.
Exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles have great potential to develop into a wide-scale therapeutic platform within the regenerative medicine industry. Exosomes, a subgroup of EVs with diameter ranging from 30-100 nm, have recently gained attention as an innovative approach for the treatment of various diseases, including heart disease. Their beneficial factors and regenerative properties can be contrasted with various cell types. Various biomimetic nanoparticles have also emerged as a unique platform in regenerative medicine. Biomimetic nanoparticles are a drug delivery platform, which have the ability to contain both biological and fabricated components to improve therapeutic efficiency and targeting. The novelty of these platforms holds promise for future clinical translation upon further investigation. In order for both exosome therapeutics and biomimetic nanoparticles to translate into large-scale clinical treatment, numerous factors must first be considered and improved. Standardization of different protocols, from exosome isolation to storage conditions, must be optimized to ensure batches are pure. Standardization is also important to ensure no variability in this process across studies, thus making it easier to interpret data across different disease models and treatments. Expansion of clinical trials incorporating both biomimetic nanoparticles and exosomes will require a standardization of fabrication and isolation techniques, as well as stricter regulations to ensure reproducibility across various studies and disease models. This review will summarize current research on exosome therapeutics and the application of biomimetic nanoparticles in cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as applications for exosome expansion and delivery on a large clinical scale.
外泌体和仿生纳米颗粒在再生医学领域有很大潜力发展成为广泛应用的治疗平台。外泌体是 EVs 的一个亚群，直径在 30-100nm 之间，最近作为治疗各种疾病（包括心脏病）的创新方法引起了关注。它们的有益因子和再生特性可以与各种细胞类型相媲美。各种仿生纳米颗粒也作为再生医学中的一个独特平台出现。仿生纳米颗粒是一种药物输送平台，它具有包含生物和制造成分的能力，以提高治疗效率和靶向性。这些平台的新颖性有望在进一步研究后进行未来的临床转化。为了使外泌体治疗和仿生纳米颗粒转化为大规模的临床治疗，首先必须考虑和改进许多因素。必须优化从外泌体分离到储存条件的不同方案的标准化，以确保批次纯净。标准化也很重要，以确保在不同的研究中没有这个过程的可变性，从而更容易在不同的疾病模型和治疗中解释数据。包含仿生纳米颗粒和外泌体的临床试验的扩展将需要标准化的制造和分离技术，以及更严格的法规，以确保在各种研究和疾病模型中具有可重复性。这篇综述将总结外泌体治疗的当前研究和仿生纳米颗粒在心脏再生医学中的应用，以及外泌体在大规模临床应用中的扩展和输送。
