Popowski Kristen, Lutz Halle, Hu Shiqi, George Arianna, Dinh Phuong-Uyen, Cheng Ke
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2020 Jun 29;9(1):1785161. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1785161.
Exosomes are 30 to 100 nm extracellular vesicles that are secreted by many cell types. Initially viewed as cellular garbage with no biological functions, exosomes are now recognized for their therapeutic potential and used in regenerative medicine. Cell-derived exosomes are released into almost all biological fluids, making them abundant and accessible vesicles for a variety of diseases. These naturally occurring nanoparticles have a wide range of applications including drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Exosomes sourced from a specific tissue have been proven to provide greater therapeutic effects to their native tissue, expanding exosome sources beyond traditional cell lines such as mesenchymal stem cells. However, standardizing production and passing regulations remain obstacles, due to variations in methods and quantification techniques across studies. Additionally, obtaining pure exosomes at sufficient quantities remains difficult due to the heterogeneity of exosomes. In this review, we will underline the uses of exosomes as a therapy and their roles in lung regenerative medicine, as well as current challenges in exosome therapies.
外泌体是由多种细胞类型分泌的30至100纳米的细胞外囊泡。外泌体最初被视为没有生物学功能的细胞垃圾，现在因其治疗潜力而受到认可，并被用于再生医学。细胞来源的外泌体释放到几乎所有生物体液中，使其成为用于多种疾病的丰富且易于获取的囊泡。这些天然存在的纳米颗粒具有广泛的应用，包括药物递送和再生医学。已证明源自特定组织的外泌体对其原生组织具有更大的治疗效果，从而将外泌体来源扩展到传统细胞系（如间充质干细胞）之外。然而，由于各研究中方法和定量技术的差异，标准化生产和通过相关法规仍然是障碍。此外，由于外泌体的异质性，获得足够数量的纯外泌体仍然困难。在本综述中，我们将强调外泌体作为一种治疗方法的用途及其在肺再生医学中的作用，以及外泌体治疗目前面临的挑战。
