School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
J Environ Manage. 2020 May 1;261:110215. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110215. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
China has recently implemented the latest rural land tenure reform with the "Separating Three Property Rights" as non-tradable land ownership, non-tradable land contracting right and tradable land use right, leading to a dramatic change in grassland management strategies in vast pastoral areas. However, the impact of this new reform on grassland management practices is widely debated by scholars and policy analysts. To identify the factors impacting the pastoralists' choice of grassland management practice and the social, economic and ecological benefits derived from different grassland management practices, we conducted a field survey of pastoralists (n = 259) in 7 counties on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that respondents' gender, grassland area, scale and location of the village, grassland condition perception significantly exerted positive influence on pastoralists' willingness to participate in cooperative grassland management practices, while grassland fence and urban life expectation negatively influenced the willingness. We found that cooperative grassland management practices led to significantly higher household incomes, more equal gender relationships and better-managed grasslands than individual ones. In spite of this, there were still a large number of pastoralists who chose individual grassland management practices due to their long-term customary operations. In conclusion, this new rural land tenure reform has facilitated pastoralists' choice for diverse grassland management practices and the promoted voluntary large-scale cooperative grassland management practices benefit the social-ecological system of pastoralism.
中国最近实施了最新的农村土地产权改革，将“三权分置”作为非可交易土地所有权、非可交易土地承包权和可交易土地使用权，这导致广大牧区的草原管理策略发生了重大变化。然而，学者和政策分析师对这项新改革对草原管理实践的影响存在广泛争议。为了确定影响牧民选择草原管理实践的因素以及不同草原管理实践带来的社会、经济和生态效益，我们在青藏高原的 7 个县对牧民（n=259）进行了实地调查。结果表明，受访者的性别、草地面积、村庄规模和位置、草地状况感知对牧民参与合作草原管理实践的意愿有显著的正向影响，而草地围栏和城市生活预期则产生了负面影响。我们发现，合作草原管理实践带来的家庭收入显著高于个体管理实践，性别关系更加平等，草地管理也更好。尽管如此，由于长期的习惯操作，仍有大量牧民选择个体草原管理实践。总之，这项新的农村土地产权改革促进了牧民对多样化草原管理实践的选择，并推动了自愿的大规模合作草原管理实践，有利于畜牧业的社会-生态系统。
